Unit 3 Flashcards
Data
The quantitative results of deliberate planned, and usually controlled observaton
Datum
Singular form of the term ‘data’
Characteristics of a good response definition
Objective
Clear
Complete
Continuous response measures
Directly measure a dimensional quality of behavior (direct)
Discontinuous response measures
Do not measure bx (behavior) directly (indirect)
Dimensional quantities of continuous response measures
Event
Latency
Duration
IRT
Event recording
Record time observation began Count the responses Record time observation ended Divide: Count/unit of time Report as rate per unit of time
Event recording of restricted operants
Record time observation began Record each antecedent Record each response Record time observation ended Report as (Responses /Antecedents)/unit of time
Duration per session
Total amount of time an individual engages in an activity
Duration per occurence
Amount of time a target behavior occupies
Latency recording
Specify when to start recording (at the onset or the offset of the stimulus)
Specify when to stop recording (at the beginning or end of the response cycle)
Inter-response time recording
Start timing at the END of the response cycle
Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the next response cycle
Estimating IRT’s
When given the rate, provided that the variability is not too great, or that there are no outliers
Dimensionless quantities of discontinuous response measures
Percent occurrence Trials to criterion Discrete categorization Partial interval recording Whole interval recording Momentary time sampling PLACHECK
Percent occurrence
Similar to event recording of a restricted or discriminated operant which has been converted into a percent
Trials to criterion
The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve a performance standard
Record each opportunity to respond until the performance standard is met
Trials to criterion steps
- Determine what one trial will be
- Decide how to report (number of trials or number of block trials)
- Record count as the measure
- Present data
Discrete categorization
A method for classifying responses into discrete categories
Partial interval recording
A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if a response happens during any part of the interval
Whole interval recording
A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if the behavior occurs for the whole interval
Momentary time sampling
A discontinuous response measure in which a response is recorded as occurring only if it occurs at the point in time in which an interval ends
PLACHECK
A group of individuals is observed at the end of an interval
Count how many individuals are engaging in the target behavior(s)
Compare with the total number of individuals
Percent of individuals engaging in behavior(s)
Factors to consider when selecting a response measure
The dimensional quantity of interest
The estimated rate of behavior
Whether to measure responses or episodes
Permanent products
Measuring the results of behavior
Reliability
The consistency of measurement
Interobserver agreement
The coefficient of agreement between two or more independent observers
Usually calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of agreements by the total number of agreements plus disagreements, then multiplying by 100
Uses for IOA
Competence of new observers
Detecting observer drift
Validate collection methods
Increase confidence that interventions are responsible for behavior change
IV (intervention) integrity
The degree to which an intervention is implemented as described/designated
The two main methods of IOA
Total count
Percent agreement
Mean count per interval
(Total agreement in each interval/Number of intervals) x 100
Exact count per count
(# of intervals with 100% agreement/Number of intervals) X 100
IOA Should be at or above
80%
IOA should be collected and scored for a minimum of _____ of observations
33%
