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SQA Higher Biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absorbed

A

The light which is taken into a plant leaf by pigments

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2
Q

Aesthetic

A

Branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty and art

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3
Q

Agriculture

A

The process of producing feed and other desirable products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals

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4
Q

Allele

A

A form of a gene - in pea plants the gene for petal colour has 2 different alleles giving either pink or white petals. Alleles are usually written as ‘A’ or ‘a’

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5
Q

Animal welfare

A

Physical and psychological well-being of animals. The term animal welfare can also mean human concern for animal welfare. Welfare is measured by indicators including behaviour/physiology/longevity/reproduction.

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6
Q

Annual weed

A

Plant which grows/flowers/sets seeds/ dies within the space of 1 year.

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7
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

The tendency to attribute to animals human qualities such as mental/social/emotional characteristics.

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8
Q

Artificial selection

A

Intentional breeding controlled by humans for particular traits/characteristics

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9
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme used as an energy carrier in the cells of all known organisms.

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10
Q

Biodiversity

A

Degree of variation of life forms within a given species/ecosystem/biome/planet.

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11
Q

Biological yield

A

Royal plant biomass

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12
Q

Bottleneck

A

An evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population/species is killed/prevented from reproducing

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13
Q

Calvin cycle

A

A series of biochemical reactions that makes place in the chloroplast and does not require light

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14
Q

Carnivore

A

Animal which eats meat and which derives its energy requirements from a diet consisting mainly/exclusively of animal tissue whether through predation/scavenging

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15
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green pigment which is found in almost all plants/green algae. It absorbs the light which is essential for photosynthesis.

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A

The photosynthetic unit of a plant cell, containing all the chlorophyll

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17
Q

Colonial

A

Relating to a colony

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18
Q

Competition

A

An interaction/struggle between organisms/species for a resource such as food/territory/mates, in which the fitness/numbers of one is reduced by the presence of another

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19
Q

Co-operative hunting

A

Animals such as lions hunt as a group to increase their chances of successfully killing prey

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20
Q

Crossbreeding

A

A crossbreed usually refers to an animal with purebred parents of 2 different breeds/varieties/populations. Crossbreeding refers to the process of breeding such an animal, often with the intention to create offspring that share the traits of both parent lineages/producing an animal with hybrid vigour

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21
Q

Cross pollination

A

When pollen is delivered to a flower of a different plant

22
Q

Cultivar

A

Plant/group of plants selected for a particular characteristic

23
Q

Degradation

A

Process by which ecosystems or habitats are broken down/fragmented

24
Q

Economic yield

A

The mass of desired product

25
Q

Endemic

A

An organism is unique to a defined ecological/geographical location such as an island/nation/other zone/habitat. For example, lemurs are endemic to Madagascar - they are not native anywhere else.

26
Q

Ethogram

A

A catalogue/inventory of all behaviours/actions exhibited by an animal

27
Q

Eukaryote

A

An organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes

28
Q

Extinction

A

The complete loss of a species from the planet

29
Q

Food security

A

The ability of human populations to access food of sufficient quality and quantity

30
Q

Fragmentation

A

Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities/fragmentation in an organism’s environment/habitat, causing population fragmentation

31
Q

Fungicide

A

A chemical compound/biological organism used to kill/inhibit fungi/fungal spores

32
Q

G-3-P

A

Glycerate-3-phosphate, which is a substance found in the calvin cycle

33
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Comprises the genetic variation represented by the number and frequency of alleles in a population

34
Q

Genetic uniformity

A

When the genes/alleles of a population are similar and show little variation

35
Q

Genome

A

The entirety on an organism’s hereditary variation

36
Q

Genotype

A

A statement of an organism’s alleles for a particular characteristic usually given as symbols - a pea plant could have the genotype cc if it were homozygous for pink petal colour or the genotype Cc if it were heterozygous for pink colour

37
Q

Harvest index

A

A measure of yield, calculated by dividing the dry mass of economic yield by the dry mass of biological yield

38
Q

Herbicide

A

A chemical compound used to kill unwanted plants.

39
Q

Herbivore

A

An organism adapted to eat plant-based foods, such as deer/cows/sheep

40
Q

Heterozygotes

A

Having 2 different alleles for a characteristic - a pea plant heterozygous for petal colour has two different petal colour alleles ‘Cc’

41
Q

Hierarchy

A

An organisation arranged in a graded order with member(s) at the top who are dominant over subordinate individuals

42
Q

Homozygotes

A

Having 2 identical alleles for a characteristic - a pea plant homozygous for petal colour has two identical colour alleles, both pink ‘CC’ or both white ‘cc’

43
Q

Immigration

A

Movement into a country/area to take up permanent residence

44
Q

Inbreeding

A

The reproduction from mating 2 genetically related parents

45
Q

Inbreeding depression

A

The reduced fitness in a given population as the result of breeding of related individuals

46
Q

Insecticide

A

A chemical compound used to kill insects

47
Q

Invasive

A

Introduced/non-indigenous/non-native species that adversely affect the habitats they invade economically/environmentally/ecologically

48
Q

Keystone species

A

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance. An ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even though that species was a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity

49
Q

Legume

A

A plant which is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen to synthesis amino acids which can then be built up to plant proteins. This is due to the symbiotic relationship with bacteria in the root nodules of these plants.

50
Q

Light reaction

A

The photosynthetic process in which solar energy is harvested and transferred into the chemical bonds of ATP; can only occur in light

51
Q

Livestock

A

1 or more domesticated animal raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food/fibre/labour. The term does not usually involved farmed fish

SQA Higher Biology (3 decks)

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