Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nat 5 Biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role an organism plays within a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the factors that determines an organisms niche?

A

Habitat, feeding level, when active, interaction with other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Factors related to living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Non-living or physical factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of a biotic factor

A

Competition for food, space, mates. Number of predators. Disease. Grazing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of abiotic factors

A

Temperature, humidity, pH, light intensity, rainfall, wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What could over grazing lead to?

A

Plant species being destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is predation?

A

The eating of one organism from another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do predators keep down the numbers of?

A

Their prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is biomes?

A

The different regions of our planet as distinguished by their similar climate, fauna and flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can biomes be influenced by?

A

Temperature and rainfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can energy be lost in an ecosystem?

A

Heat movement, trapped in waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In a food chain how much of the energy is lost between each animal?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When an animal or plant dies what breaks it down?

A

Decomposers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass?

A

Represents the mass of each feeding level in a food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which type of pyramid is the most accurate?

A

Pyramid of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do living things need nitrogen?

A

To form proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can farmers do if the soil is low in nitrates?

A

They add it in the form of fertilisers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is nitrification?

A

Bacteria converting ammonium compounds into nitrites then nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is denitrification?

A

Bacteria deprived soil of nitrogen by releasing gas into the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

Bacteria absorb and ‘fix’ nitrogen into nitrates for plants to absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is intra specific competition?

A

Competition between members of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the definition of a community?

A

All living things in an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is inter specific competition?

A

Competition between members of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does competition help prevent?

A

Population of animal and plants becoming too large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What can competition be for?

A

Space, mates, food, water, light, shelter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What would plant in a large forest compete for?

A

Light, water, CO2, nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name two sampling techniques for biotic factors

A

Quadrat and pitfall trap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How does a quadrat work?

A

Laid out randomly on ground, plants and animals are counted

30
Q

How does a pitfall trap work?

A

Animals fall into container

31
Q

What is a pitfall trap for?

A

Sampling surface living animals

32
Q

Why must samples be completely random?

A

To avoid any bias. Truly representative of the whole area being studied

33
Q

How could you make your sampling technique more accurate?

A

Use better apparatus

34
Q

How could you make your sampling technique more reliable?

A

Take more samples

35
Q

What could be used to measure light intensity?

A

A light meter

36
Q

A combined meter is used to measure what?

A

The water content and pH of soil

37
Q

What do you have to do when using a combined meter?

A

Push probe to same depth and always clean between readings

38
Q

What is a limitation of a pitfall trap?

A

Sample obtained may not be representative of the whole area

39
Q

How could you prevent animals eating each other in a pitfall trap?

A

Don’t leave traps fro long periods of time before emptying

40
Q

What are mutations?

A

Changes which alter the amount or structure of the genetic material in an organism

41
Q

Do environmental factors increase or decrease the rate at which mutations occur?

A

Increase

42
Q

What are environmental factors affecting mutations called?

A

Mutagenic agents

43
Q

What can mutations result in for the organism?

A

An advantage or disadvantage (usually a disadvantage)

44
Q

What type of mutation has no effect on an organism?

A

A neutral mutation

45
Q

All members of a population shows what?

A

Variation

46
Q

Without variation what would not be possible?

A

Evolution

47
Q

What is adaption

A

A variation that makes an organism more likely to survive in its niche

48
Q

When does natural selection occur?

A

When there are more animals than the environment can sustain

49
Q

What is a species?

A

Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

50
Q

What is speciation?

A

The formation of a new species

51
Q

What are the three types of isolation barriers?

A

Geographical, ecological, reproductive

52
Q

What is being used to increase food yield?

A

Intensive farming

53
Q

What are some of the things used in intensive farming?

A

Chemical fertilisers and pesticides, animals kept inside, competing plants removed

54
Q

What is the definition of monoculture farming?

A

Growing a single crop over a large area

55
Q

What are some advantages of monoculture?

A

Allows for more than one harvest per year, reduced labour costs

56
Q

What are some disadvantages of monoculture?

A

Higher risk of disease, requires lots of fertilisers, biodiversity decreases

57
Q

What are chemical fertilisers?

A

Chemicals added to soil to improve plant growth

58
Q

What minerals are important to plant growth?

A

Nitrates and magnesium

59
Q

What forms when fertilisers leach into fresh water?

A

Algal blooms

60
Q

What are some of the impacts of algal blooms in fresh water?

A

Less light reaches plants, plant unable to photosynthesis, therefore reduction in oxygen levels in water

61
Q

What are pesticides?

A

Chemicals sprayed onto crops to reduce completion from other organisms

62
Q

What are the four types of pesticides?

A

Herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and bactericides

63
Q

Why do pesticides have a negative effect on biodiversity?

A

Pesticides can accumulate in the bodies of organisms over time

64
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

As you get higher up the food chai, the level of pesticides increases

65
Q

As pesticides go up the food chain what increases?

A

Toxicity

66
Q

What is biological control?

A

When a natural predator in introduced and it feeds on the pest

67
Q

What is an alternative to using pesticides?

A

Biological control

68
Q

Why is biodiversity a good alternative to using pesticides?

A

It is a cheaper method, natural and biodiversity is not reduced

69
Q

What can cause harm to an ecosystem?

A

Pollution

70
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

By its presence, absence or abundance shows the environmental conditions

71
Q

What does the indicator species ‘fresh water invertebrates’ show?

A

Levels of pollution in fresh water

72
Q

What does the indicator species ‘lichen’ show?

A

Levels of air pollution

Nat 5 Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions