Unit 2 Flashcards
Cells group together to form what?
Tissues
Tissues form what?
Organs
How to stem cells reproduce?
Through mitosis
What is the function of an adult stem cell?
To repair and replace damaged cells
Where does growth in plants take place?
Meristems
Where are meristems found in plants?
Tips of growing shoots and roots
Where is an apical meristem found?
Root tips
Where are lateral meristems found?
Surrounds stem of plant
What does the central nervous system consist of?
The brain and spinal cord
What are some of the main functions of the nervous system?
Send information, co ordinate workings of internal organs, respond to stimuli on the outside
What is the role of the sensory receptors?
To send information about what is happening inside and out to the CNS
What is the role of the cerebrum in the brain?
Enables conscious thought and memory
What is the role of the cerebellum in the brain?
Controls coordination and balance
What is the role of the medulla in the brain?
Controls breathing and heart rate
What is a reflex?
An unconscious action such as pulling away from a hot object
What is your reflex arc?
A simple pathway for the reflex action and is made up of three neurons
What are the three neurons that makes up the reflex arc?
Sensory neuron, reflex neuron and motor neuron
What is the role of the sensory neuron?
It carries information from a receptor to a relay neuron
What is the role of a relay neuron?
It connects a sensory neuron to a motor neuron
What is the job of a motor neuron?
Carries information to an effector (a muscle or gland)
What are the gaps between neurons called?
Synapses
Has the exocrine system got a faster or slower response compared to the nervous system?
Slower
What is controlled by the endocrine system?
Hormonal control
In the endocrine system, what releases hormones into the blood stream?
Endocrine glands
What is the name of cells sensitive to hormones?
Target tissues
What molecule is the only source of energy for brain cells?
Glucose
What is the definition of multicellular?
An organism made up of many cells
After eating is the level of glucose high or low?
High
What is excess glucose stored in the form of and where?
Glycogen in the liver
What helps to promote the conversion of glucose to glycogen?
Insulin produced in the pancreas
The hormone glucagon helps to convert what substance?
Glycogen back into glucose
What causes diabetes?
When someone unable to control blood sugar levels dues to problems producing insulin
What does diploid mean?
A cell that has a double set of chromosomes
What does haploid mean?
A cell that has a single set of chromosomes
What are gametes and where are the produced?
Sex cells, produced in structures called gonads
Where is sperm produced?
In the testes
What is produced in the ovaries?
Eggs or ova
What is fertilisation?
When a male and female gamete fuse to form a zygote
Where does fertilisation in animals take place?
In the oviduct
In plants, what is the female gamete called and where is it produced?
Ovules, produced in the ovary
In plants, what is the male gamete and where is it produced?
Pollen grains, formed in the anther
To reach the ovule, what does the pollen grain have to grow?
A pollen tube
Where does fertilisation happen in plants?
Inside the ovule
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen in plants
What is variation?
Differences within the same species
What is discrete variation?
When feature can be divided into two or more groups (eg - eye colour)