Unit 3

Question 1

War of Jenkins’ Ear

Answer 1

Spanish searched English ships for smuggled items, a fight broke out one time and an ear was severed of Robert Jenkins. He kept his ear and later showed it to Parliament and called for a war against Spain. Became apart of War of Austrian Succession

Question 2

War of Austrian Succession

Answer 2

Frederick II seized Austrian province of Silesia, disrupted Pragmatic Sanction, France drew Britain into war by fighting against Austria, Britain helped Austria bc wanted friendly people in charge of land. French-bad idea, allowed for a strong power to rise up. Ended with Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Question 3

Diplomatic Revolution of 1756

Answer 3

England and France fought even though they signed the Treaty of AC. England allied with Prussia, France with Austria.

Question 4

Seven Years’ War

Answer 4

global war, Fred II attacked Saxony, France with Austria, made friends with Russia, William Pitt of England pumped money into Prussia to distract French, took New England, Bute of England made a peace settlement, England became world power, many countries had to pay war debt, including England=American Revolution

Question 5

mercantilism

Answer 5

precious metals only determine a country’s wealth

Question 6

Spanish Colonial System

Answer 6

originally just to supply metal, didn’t allow colonists to trade with other colonists from another country, only could trade with Spain in random ports that it chose, changed after War of Spanish Succession, vulnerable to naval attack, economic issues

Question 7

Slavery

Answer 7

colonists came to New World, realized that they couldn’t use natives as servants/slaves, got slaves from Africa, more in South America and Carribbean, slavery was not a fun experience, ship conditions were horrible, as well as living conditions

Question 8

Enlightenment

Answer 8

economy improvements and political reform possible, people needed to think for themselves, not blindly follow, helped by increasing literacy

Question 9

Beliefs of Enlightenment

Answer 9

Deism-belief that there is a God, not organized religion
Toleration-for the time period
Critical of Christianity, Judaism and Islam
not into gender equality

Question 10

Voltaire

Answer 10

offended many people with his writing

Question 11

Denis Diderot

Answer 11

edited the Encyclopedia

Question 12

Montesquieu

Answer 12

in favor of monarchial gov

Question 13

Adam Smith

Answer 13

laissezfaire-gov should be limited in economic life

Question 14

Rousseau

Answer 14

thought society more important than individual members, shouldn’t critize other cultures but instead get to know them

Question 15

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 15

fought for women to be viewed in a different way

Question 16

Enlightened Absolutism

Answer 16

monarchical gov strengthened at cost of centers of political power, adopted Enlightenment policies bc they increased military strength and political power

Question 17

Fredrick the Great

Answer 17

Prussia, open discussion of Enlightenment ideas, merit determied who served the state, full religious toleration, econ growth

Question 18

Joseph II

Answer 18

Austria, increase Habsburg control, religious toleration, reconstructed judicial system, wanted to reduce burdens on peasants so they could be more industrious

Question 19

Catherine the Great

Answer 19

Russia, helped kill her husband, Charter of Nobility- nobles= rights and certain privileges, territorial expansion, econ growth

Question 20

French Revolution-the Beginning

Answer 20

monarchy had debt, monarchy vs nobility, no moral authority

Question 21

Assembly of Notables

Answer 21

Feb 1787, agreed reforms needed to be made, wanted a meeting of Estates General

Question 22

Money Crisis

Answer 22

1788: bankers refuse short term loans to gov, Louis XVI agreed to call EG in 1789

Question 23

Estates General

Answer 23

3 estates, no clear way of how to vote, 3rd estate- went and created National Assembly

Question 24

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 24

3rd estate was locked out of the room, went to a tennis court, agreed to stay until they had written a new constitution

Question 25

1789

Answer 25

Louis XVI recognized authority of others, Great Fear- peasants afraid of nobility, after Aug 4, all French subject to same laws

Question 26

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 26

Aug 27 1789, civic equality, popular sovereignty, Louis XVI stalled its ratification

Question 27

Women’s Riot

Answer 27

Louis XVI hanging at Versailles, convinced MA was hoarding bread, women stormed Versailles, demanded Louis come to Paris with them, he and his family did- relatively calm until 1792

Question 28

levee en masse

Answer 28

entire country focused on war, created a powerful army

Question 29

Reign of Terror

Answer 29

fought with many countries, killed everyone who was thought to try to stop the revolution, creates Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre-attacked enemies of republic, killed most of his rivals, executed

Question 30

Women Repressed

Answer 30

created own committies, at first allowed became radical and shut down, defiant women were executed

Question 31

De-Christianzation

Answer 31

wanted to dechristianize 4 more loyal revolutionaries, created a new calendar and holidays, sent peo to either de-christianize priests/nuns, if refused-killed