Unit 3 Flashcards
War of Jenkins’ Ear
Spanish searched English ships for smuggled items, a fight broke out one time and an ear was severed of Robert Jenkins. He kept his ear and later showed it to Parliament and called for a war against Spain. Became apart of War of Austrian Succession
War of Austrian Succession
Frederick II seized Austrian province of Silesia, disrupted Pragmatic Sanction, France drew Britain into war by fighting against Austria, Britain helped Austria bc wanted friendly people in charge of land. French-bad idea, allowed for a strong power to rise up. Ended with Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
England and France fought even though they signed the Treaty of AC. England allied with Prussia, France with Austria.
Seven Years’ War
global war, Fred II attacked Saxony, France with Austria, made friends with Russia, William Pitt of England pumped money into Prussia to distract French, took New England, Bute of England made a peace settlement, England became world power, many countries had to pay war debt, including England=American Revolution
mercantilism
precious metals only determine a country’s wealth
Spanish Colonial System
originally just to supply metal, didn’t allow colonists to trade with other colonists from another country, only could trade with Spain in random ports that it chose, changed after War of Spanish Succession, vulnerable to naval attack, economic issues
Slavery
colonists came to New World, realized that they couldn’t use natives as servants/slaves, got slaves from Africa, more in South America and Carribbean, slavery was not a fun experience, ship conditions were horrible, as well as living conditions
Enlightenment
economy improvements and political reform possible, people needed to think for themselves, not blindly follow, helped by increasing literacy
Beliefs of Enlightenment
Deism-belief that there is a God, not organized religion
Toleration-for the time period
Critical of Christianity, Judaism and Islam
not into gender equality
Voltaire
offended many people with his writing
Denis Diderot
edited the Encyclopedia
Montesquieu
in favor of monarchial gov
Adam Smith
laissezfaire-gov should be limited in economic life
Rousseau
thought society more important than individual members, shouldn’t critize other cultures but instead get to know them
Mary Wollstonecraft
fought for women to be viewed in a different way
Enlightened Absolutism
monarchical gov strengthened at cost of centers of political power, adopted Enlightenment policies bc they increased military strength and political power
Fredrick the Great
Prussia, open discussion of Enlightenment ideas, merit determied who served the state, full religious toleration, econ growth
Joseph II
Austria, increase Habsburg control, religious toleration, reconstructed judicial system, wanted to reduce burdens on peasants so they could be more industrious
Catherine the Great
Russia, helped kill her husband, Charter of Nobility- nobles= rights and certain privileges, territorial expansion, econ growth
French Revolution-the Beginning
monarchy had debt, monarchy vs nobility, no moral authority
Assembly of Notables
Feb 1787, agreed reforms needed to be made, wanted a meeting of Estates General
Money Crisis
1788: bankers refuse short term loans to gov, Louis XVI agreed to call EG in 1789
Estates General
3 estates, no clear way of how to vote, 3rd estate- went and created National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
3rd estate was locked out of the room, went to a tennis court, agreed to stay until they had written a new constitution
1789
Louis XVI recognized authority of others, Great Fear- peasants afraid of nobility, after Aug 4, all French subject to same laws
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Aug 27 1789, civic equality, popular sovereignty, Louis XVI stalled its ratification
Women’s Riot
Louis XVI hanging at Versailles, convinced MA was hoarding bread, women stormed Versailles, demanded Louis come to Paris with them, he and his family did- relatively calm until 1792
levee en masse
entire country focused on war, created a powerful army
Reign of Terror
fought with many countries, killed everyone who was thought to try to stop the revolution, creates Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre-attacked enemies of republic, killed most of his rivals, executed
Women Repressed
created own committies, at first allowed became radical and shut down, defiant women were executed
De-Christianzation
wanted to dechristianize 4 more loyal revolutionaries, created a new calendar and holidays, sent peo to either de-christianize priests/nuns, if refused-killed
