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AP Euro > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

What did the Edict of Fontainbleu do?

A

subjected the Huguenots to the Inquisition

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2
Q

Who was Catherine de Medicis? What did she do?

A

regent to her son, wanted to preserve monarchy, feared the Guises, allied with the Huguenots

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3
Q

What did the Duke of Guise do?

A

massacred Huguenots when they were worshiping

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4
Q

What was St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?

A

attack against Huguenots because Catherine was scared of them and told the king that they were trying to take the throne

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5
Q

What was the Edict of Nantes?

A

recognized minority rights, allowed Huguenots to build walls around their villages, created a state within a state

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6
Q

What was Henry IV famous saying?

A

Paris is worth a mass

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7
Q

What were the French wars of Religion?

A

Three families wanted to rule: Montmorency-Chatillons, Guises, and Barbons. Catherine made an alliance with the Huguenots (MCs and Bs) to preserve the monarchy, the Duke of Guise massacred Huguenots, afterward they didn’t go to Catherine for help, she made an alliance with Guises. St. Bart’s Day happened

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8
Q

French wars of religion continued

A

Henry III became king, Peace of Beaulieu. Fought against Henry of Navarre (IV) then had to ally with him. Died on battle field, Henry of Navarre became king and then converted to Catholicism. (famous saying)

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9
Q

Peace of Beaulieu

A

granted almost complete religious freedom

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10
Q

Mary I

A

married Philip II of Spain, persecuted Protestants, called Bloody Mary

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11
Q

Elizabeth the I

A

Act of Supremacy, Thirty-nine articles, faced Spanish Armada, never married, people loved her

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12
Q

Mary, Queen of Scots

A

Scotish princess, abdicated her throne, moved to England, plotted against Elizabeth, put under house arrest and later executed

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13
Q

What was the Thirty Years’ War?

A

A religious war in the Holy Roman Empire, Catholics against the Protestants. There were three phases: the Bohemian period, the Danish period, and the Swedish period. Many countries got involved. Ended with the Treaty of Westphalia.

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14
Q

Treaty of Westphalia

A

ended all hostilites within HRE, was in French, ended the Edict of Restitution, said that the ruler of the land can determine the religion, legalized Calvinism, perpetuated German division and political weakness

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15
Q

Edict of Restitution

A

stated Calvinism is illegal, ordered all Lutheran lands to be given back, at the end of the Danish period

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16
Q

James I

A

issues with Parliament because of money, religious problems with Puritans, governed by favorites

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17
Q

Charles I

A

hated Parliment, levied new tariffs to get money instead of asking Parliment, wanted religious conformity

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18
Q

The Civil War in England

A

Roundheads with Cromwell vs. Cavaliers with the king, the Roundheads won, dissolved the monarchy, killed Charles

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19
Q

Cromwell

A

lord protector, disbanded Parliment because they wanted to get rid of their military

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20
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

Mary and William of Orange (daughter of James II), invaded England, kept England Anglican, invaded because James II tried to make England Catholic again

21
Q

Bill of Rights

A

prohibited Roman Catholics from occupying the English throne

22
Q

Parliamentary monarchy

A

like British monarchy

23
Q

Political ablsolutism

A

like French monarchy

24
Q

Louis XIV

A

had no chief minister, subtle about control, took power away from nobles while still having their support, limited noble influence, nobles were in Parlements that had limited influence, controlled foreign affairs, had propaganda, built Versailles to show his power, had a large powerful army, fought against Spain, and Netherlands, was first against England, but then made an alliance with them.

25
Q

Louis XIV continued

A

banned Jansenism, revoked Edict of Nantes, fought Nine Years War, and War of Spanish Succession, drained resources from wars

26
Q

Nine Years War

A

England and France fought over North America, France against the League of Augsburg (England, Spain, Sweden, United Proverences)

27
Q

War of Spanish Succession

A

king of Spain died without an heir, left inheritance to Louis grandson, Phillip V became king of Spain

28
Q

Hagsburgs

A

HRE, German states, Netherlands, Hungry, Croatia, Transylvania, had different titles, controlled a very diverse population, Pragmatic Sanction

29
Q

Pragmatic Sanction

A

issued so that a woman could inherit the crown

30
Q

Hohenzollerns

A

Prussia, German states, religious toleration, separate laws for army and civilians, disrupted the Pragmatic Sanction

31
Q

Romanovs

A

Russia, 1st Romanov elected tsar in 1613

32
Q

Peter the Great

A

built up the military, Great Northern War, founded St. Petersburg, Table of Ranks, had no clear successor

33
Q

Devshirme

A

process of recruiting elite troops from Christian communities for Ottoman army

34
Q

Treaty of Carlowitz

A

caused Ottomans to surrender a sig. amount of territory in middle, started to end the Ottoman Empire

35
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

the revolution where science became a real subject not just philosophy

36
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

heliocentric universe model

37
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

Mercury and Venus around sun, everything else around the earth

38
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

elliptical planetary paths

39
Q

Galeleo Gallilei

A

mathematics present in nature, furthered heliocentric model

40
Q

Isaac Newton

A

gravity, Principia Mathematica

41
Q

Francis Bacon

A

father of empiricism

42
Q

Rene Descartes

A

deduction

43
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Leviathan, absolute rulers

44
Q

John Locke

A

First Treatise of Government, government is responsible to governed, tabla rasa

45
Q

Queen Christina of Sweden

A

allowed scientists to stay at her house

46
Q

Margaret Cavendish

A

considered a male profession, was a woman in the scientific revolution

47
Q

witch trails

A

people had to pass blame on to someone so they thought that some women were witches, ended when people started to think scientifically

48
Q

First Industrial Revolution

A

created more jobs for people and not all were farming, Britain was the leader of the IR, cities grew, spinning jenny, water frame, and steam engine were invented, bread and food riots were common, raised standards of living

AP Euro (8 decks)

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