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AP Gov > Unit 3-4 > Flashcards

Unit 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

single member district plurality

A

winner gets the most votes in a defined geographical area; people vote for a PERSON to represent them

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2
Q

proportional representation

A

parties earn seats based on the percent of the national votes they win; people vote for a PARTY
not possible with an executive election

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3
Q

majority system

A

winner gets more than 50% votes in a defined geographic area or there is a two-two runoff; people vote for a PERSON
no legislatures

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4
Q

UK Executive

A

monarch has hereditary appointment appointed by God
prime minister is indirectly elected; 5 yr term w/ no limits
chosen by a majority in the Commons; by tradition must win a seat

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5
Q

UK legislature

A

Parliament
HoC: direct election, plurality system, 5 yr term w/ no limit
HoL: appointed by the monarch as “life peerages”

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6
Q

Mexico Executive

A

directly elected, plurality vote, limited to one 6 yr term (sexeno)

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7
Q

Mexico Legislature

A

Chamber of Deputies: directly elected, 4 yr term w/ 3 term limit, combination of SMDP and PR
Senate: directly elected, 6 yr term w/ 2 term limit, combination of SMDP and PR, all three Senators er state cannot be from the same party

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8
Q

Nigeria Executive

A

directly elected ; qualified plurality vote, 4 yr term w/ two term limit
winner must get 25% of the vote in 2/3 of the states

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9
Q

Nigeria Legislature

A

House of Representatives: direct election, 4 yr term w/ no limits, SMDP
Senate: diddo

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10
Q

Russia Executive

A

direct election; majority system w/ runoff, 6 yr term w two term limit, appoints the Prime Minister, doesn’t have to be a mem of legislature

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11
Q

Russia Legislature

A

Duma: direct election, 5 yr term w/ no limit, 1/2 PR and 1/2 SMDP
Federation Council: appointed; 17 by the president, remaining 1/2 appointed by regional governors, 1/2 by regional legs

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12
Q

Iran Executive

A

indirect, appointed by the Assembly of Experts for life

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13
Q

Iran Legislature

A

assembly of experts: must be islamic jurists, combo of single mem and multi-mem districts, plurality w/ runoffs, 8 yr term w no limits
guardian council: 1/2 appointed by SL, 1/2 by Chief Judge, may strike candidates from the ballot
president and majilis: combination of single mem and multi mem districts; plurality with runoffs, 4 yr term w no limits

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14
Q

China Executive

A

president “ elected” by Ntl Ppl’s Conf; 6 yr term no limit, de facto executive > general secretary: appointed by politburo standing committee

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15
Q

China Legislature

A

National People’s Congress “elected” by the regional councils, 5 yr term no limits, only options are candidates approved by the CCP

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16
Q

ideology

A

a system of ideals and ideas which forms the basis of economic or political theory and public policy. All ideologies contain…
perception - what is going wrong
evaluation - why things are going wrong
prescription - cure for the ills of society
movement - a way to carry out the cure

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17
Q

individualism

A

emphasizes the value of the individual; individual freedom takes precedence over government restrictions
limited government
natural rights, freedom of religion…

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18
Q

neoliberalism

A

free market
economic liberalization - remove government regulations that restrict free market
protect private property
privatization of public industries

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19
Q

communism

A

full social equality
no private property
public is the government - command economy
nationalization
collective farming - eliminate individual farms in favor of communal production

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20
Q

socialism

A

increase social equality
reduce income disparities
welfare state - taxpayer-funded programs to protect and promote nationalization

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21
Q

populism

A

rights of the common people > “corrupt elite”
policies depend - is the person group more socialist? individualist?

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22
Q

fascism

A

extreme nationalism
state is more important than the people
tyranny of the ethnic majority
de facto nationalization
state itself is sovereign

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23
Q

civil society

A

a range of voluntary organizations that are autonomous from the state
example: NGOs
common interests and provides services that the gov can’t
authoritarian regimes don’t like this because the people can talk to each other and share ideas -> threatening to their rule

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24
Q

NGO

A

non-gov organization
nonprofit organization that operates independently of the government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue
autonomous of the state and an example of civil society

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25
political participation
the degree to which citizens' activities impact politics. Activities of citizens that attempt to influence the structure of government, the selection of government officials or the policies of gov plays a role in certain governmental aspects corresponding with the people, such as legitimacy more participation will lead to more legitimacy and more regime stability forms: interest groups, elections, media, political parties
26
referenda
allows citizens to vote directly on policy questions promote democratic policy making\ bypass the legislature difficult and potentially unpopular decisions gives executive a chance to pass a law without the legislature and gives the people opinion as well
27
social and political cleavages
long standing social and political divisions separate citizens into advocates and adversaries on certain issues, candidates, and/or political parties gives light to differing issues that different groups of people deal with four common examples: ethnicity, religion, region, social class social and political cleavages differ from each other because political cleavages are essentially cleavages that started off as social to begin with, but then turned political when they started to impact political culture
28
main characteristics of UK's political culture
classic liberalism - limited government influence over individuals social equality - everyone has equal rights as well as liberties; no inequalities in that sort pragmatism - the concept of dealing w/ things in a reasonable and sensible way gives the state more power to take individual rights when needed
29
UK challenges to political culture
certain views brought up by Brexit caused a split between groups of people, such as young vs. old and rich vs. poor
30
main characteristics of Mexico's political culture
people of Mexico don't trust their government continued authoritarianism aspects within the democracy limited public participation in political affairs
31
challenges to Mexico's political culture
not many people are interested in politics because of distrust
32
main characteristics of Nigeria's political culture
unpatriotic because of more identity with local ethnic groups high support for democracy and multiple parties people don't want a single leader people, although lack patriotism, have a sense of national identity
33
challenges to Nigeria's political culture
there are lots of different ethnic groups and a difference in religion with Christians and Muslims, which causes divide and tension
34
main characteristic of Russia's political culture
communism, anything that wasn't communism was surpressed Russia is different and that is what makes it great gov instills ideas of patriotism as well as a "great RUssia" onto people, so people support the regime to return to Russia to greatness
35
challenges to Russia's political culture
less enthusiasm over governmental international actions, like in Ukraine for example lower support with younger people lower standard of living
36
main characteristics of China's political culture
traditional authoritarianism some aspects of Confuscian philosophy are embraced communities and correctiveness -> nationalism
37
interest groups spectrum from most to least freedom for the people
pluralism, corporatism, top-down participation
38
conventional participation
voting, contacting public officials, donating, joining a group/association
39
unconventional participation
protesting, civil disobedience, boycotts (may be violent or nonviolent)
40
UK political culture
democratic tradition gradualism civic culture main social cleavages: ethnicity and region
41
Mexico political culture
history of authoritarianism corruption nationalism catholicism main social cleavages: region, ethnicity, class
42
Nigeria political culture
commitment to democracy corruption identity politics main social cleavages: ethnicity, region, religion
43
Russia political culture
history of authoritarianism corruption nationalism main social cleavages: ethnicity, region, religion
44
China political culture
history of authoritarianism] corruption nationalism main social cleavages: ethnicity, region, religion
45
Iran political culture
history of authoritarianism corruption nationalism: persion and shia democracy and theocracy main social cleavages: ethnicity, religion, region
46
Authoritarian regimes and democratic forms of political participation
provide an outlet for public discontent to protect the stability of the state; ie ward off protest and/or violence
47
Nigeria's big three ethnicities
hausa: north, predominantly Muslim yoruba: SW, predominantly christian Ibo: SE, predominantly christian
48
Uk Labour Party
democratic socialism envorinmental reform education expand NHS energy supply safer measures seats increasing since Russia-Ukraine center-left
49
UK Conservative Party
health services decrease illegal immigration promote economic growth decrease inflation and national debt executive went up but legislative went down center right neoliberalism
50
Scottish Nationalists
social democracy employment economy equality security not much representation in Parliament popular in Scotland center left
51
Mexico PRI
neoliberliams constitutionalism free market capitalism privatization economic growth high in the past, not recently center right
52
PRD
corruption
53
Mexico Morena
socialist with a dose of populist
54
Nigeria PDP
socially conservation neoliberal economic deregulation human rights healthcare medium center right
55
APC
socialism welfare equality for all anti corruption high electoral success center left
56
United Russia
fascist highly nationalistic just want control literally authoritarian center right
57
Russia Communists
communist social equality healthcare education 57/450 Duma seats slowly gaining left
58
China CCP
communist a little socialist help and grow China better for the people no election authoritarian power far left
59
Iran reformist coalition
neoliberalism unity for women moving forward change unity democracy needs to balance out with religion medium success overall successes with downfalls center left
60
Iran conservative coalition
religion should rule theocracy anti West most popular right

AP Gov (5 decks)

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