Unit 3 Flashcards
BON, BOUN
Good, Generous
bonanza: source of great wealth or prosperity
bountiful: given freely and abundantly
DUR
Hard, Lasting
durable: able to withstand wear and tear
duress: constraint by threat; forcible confinement
obdurate: hardened; hardhearted; inflexible
AUG, AUX
Increase
augment: make greater
inaugurate: begin or start officially
august: dignified; awe-inspiring
augur: foretell
MAL
Bad
malign: to slander
malaise: feeling of discomfort; general sense of depression
malefactor: doer of evil
malfeasance: misconduct
US, UT
Use, Useful
usurp: seize by force
usury: lending money at exorbitant rates
utilitarian: concerned with usefulness rather than beauty
utile: useful
CYCL, CYCLO
Circle, Wheel, Cycle
cyclical: characterized by cycles; moving in cycles cyclosis: rotary motion of protoplasm within a cell cycloid: resembling a circle
cyclothymia: affective disorder characterized by alternating period of depression and elation
LIBRAR, LIBR
Book
library: place where books are kept
libel: defamatory statement; act of writing something that smears a person’s character
libretto: text of a dramatic musical work
librettist: author of a libretto
MOR, MORI, MORT
Death
moribund: dying, decaying
immortal: not subject to death; everlasting
PRE
Before. Earlier
prenatal: before birth
preclude: make impossible in advance
precedent: a model for something that follows
PSEUDO
False
pseudonym: pen name; fictitious or borrowed name
pseduopsia: an optical illusion
pseudodox: false doctrine
pseudomorph: false or irregular form
PSYCH
Mind
psyche: the mind
psychiatrist: a doctor who treats disorders of the mind
psychedelic: mind-expanding
TYP, TYPE
Type
typical: conforming to a type
typify: represent as a typical example of; symbolize typology: the study or classification of types stereotype: a formulaic conception or image
PHOB, PHOBOS
Fear
phobia: fear of something
arachnophobia: abnormal fear of spiders hydrophobia: fear of water
xenophobia: fear of strangers or foreigners
SEQU, SECU
Follow
sequel: something that follows
obsequious: overly submissive
sequatious: disposed to follow another
prosecute: to seek or enforce by legal action
CARD, CORD
Heart
cardiac: relating to the heart
cardiology: branch of medicine concerned with the heart
cordial: harmony; agreement
EGO
Self, I
egotist: self-centered person, selfish
egocentric: self-centered
egomania: extreme egocentrism
egotistical: excessively self-centered
JUR
To Swear
abjure: to renounce on oath
HEMO
Blood
hemorrhage: heavy bleeding
hemoglobin: respiratory pigment in red blood cells hemophilia: blood coagulation disorder
hemophobia: fear of blood
GRAM, GRAPH
Write, Draw, Record
graphology: study of handwriting, particularly for the purpose of character analysis
grammar: the system of rules of a language
demography: study of characteristics of human populations
THE, THEI, THEO
God
atheist: person who does not believe in the existence of God
theology: study of God and religion
theogamy: marriage of gods
HAP
By Chance
haphazard: characterized by mere chance
MAR, MARI
Sea
maritime: relating to the sea
marina: a boat basin for small boats
aquamarine: pale blue to light greenish blue submarine: undersea
TERTI
Third
tertian: recurring after three days
tertiary: third in degree or rank
tertium quad: a third thing of indeterminate character tertiary color: a color that results from mixing two secondary colors
CATA
Down, Downward
catalyst: something causing change
catapult: ancient military machine for hurling missiles cataclysm: violent upheaval
catastrohpic: relating to a great calamity
SEMI
Half, Partly
semiterrestrial: partially living on land
semiannual: occurring twice a year
semitaur: in mythology, a creature that is half-man and half-bull
semester: half of a school year
NULL
Nothing
annul: to make or declare void or invalid
SOMN
Sleep
somnolent: sleepy
somniferous: inducing sleep
insomnia: chronic inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
PEN
Pain, Punishment
penitent: feeling or expressing remorse for one’s misdeeds or sins
penance: punishment undergone in token of penitent for sins
TOM, TOME, TOMY
Cut, Section
dermatome: instrument used to cut slices of the skin in skin grafts
microtome: instrument that cuts specimens into slices for examination with microscopes
gastrotomy: surgical incision into the stomach
IM, IN
Not
impartial: not partial or biased
indolence: avoid exertion, slothful
LITER
Letter
literati: scholarly or learned persons
literature: a body of written works
illiterate: unable to read and write
literal: limited to the most obvious meaning of a word
CREA
Bring Forth, Create
create: bring into being
recreate: give fresh life to; refresh mentally or physically
procreation: the conceiving of offspring: producing or creating
TOP, TOPO
Place, Region
topography: the configuration of a land surface topology: regional anatomy
toponym: the name of a place
topophobia: fear of certain place
CAUST
Burn, heat
caustic: capable of burning, corroding
VIA
Way, Road via: by way of via media: middle way or course viaduct: series of spans that carry a road over another road or a valley viaticum: traveling provisions
CERN
Perceive
concern: regard for or interest in
discern: perceive, detect
discerning: showing good judgment; perceptive indiscernible: difficult to perceive
NAT, NAS, NAI
Birth
native: belonging to one by nature, inborn
nascent: starting to develop
nationality: state of belonging to a particular nation by birth or by naturalization
PUNCT
Point, Prick
punctilious: strictly attentive to small details of form in conduct
punctilio: a fine point of etiquette
puncture: a hole made by a sharp object
punctuate: like a point; ending in a point
AD, A
To, toward
adept: good at, skillful
advent: arrival or coming
MONO
One, Single
monologue: speech performed by one actor monocline: in geology, a single upward fold monolithic: constituting a single, unified whole monochromatic: having one color
PED, POD
Foot
pediform: shaped like a foot
pedestrian: commonplace
podiatry: diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the foot
COGNI, GNO
Learn, Know
cognition: mental process by which knowledge is acquired
diagnosis: process of determining the nature and cause of a disease
prognosticate: predict on the basis of present conditions
SALV
Save
salve: an analgesic or medicinal ointment
salvage: act of saving
ART
Art
artisan: craftsperson
artifact: object made by human craft
artificial: made by human action
artifice: artful expedient
BEL
Beautiful
embellish: to make beautiful by ornamentation
CLAM, CLAIM
Call Out, Shout
exclaim: cry out suddenly; utter vehemently exclamation: an abrupt forceful utterance; an outcry clamor: a loud outcry
acclamation: shout of enthusiastic approval
JOC
Joke
jocular: given to joking
MOT
Move
remote: located far away
ALTER
Other
alter: change; modify; become different
alternate: proceed by turns
alternative: one of two mutually exclusive possibilities altercate: argue vehemently
GEN
Birth, Class, Kin
congenital: existing or as such from birth
genesis: beginning; origin
gentry: people of standing; class of people just below nobility
genre: type, class; distinct literary or artistic category
SOPH
Wisdom, Skillful, Shrewd
sophist: one who is skilled in deceptive argumentation
sophisticate: making more worldly; refine
sophomoric: showing lack of judgment and immaturity
sophistry: plausible but fallacious argumentation
BREV, BRID
Short, Small
abbreviate: to make shorter
abridge: to reduce the length of a text
FLAGR, FULG, FULM
Burn, Shine
conflagration: large destructive fire
FLU, FLUCT, FLUX
Flow
fluctuate: vary irregularly; rise and fall in waves
flux: flowing; a continuous moving
reflux: a flowing back; an ebbing
SATUR
Enough
saturate: to imbue or impregnate thoroughly
DEC, DECA
Ten
decalogue: the Ten Commandments
decade: a period of ten years
decahedron: a polyhedron with ten faces
decapod: a crustacean having ten legs
DYN, DYNAM
Power, Energy
dynamite: a class of powerful explosives
dynamo: a generator that produces current; an energetic person
dynasty: succession of rulers from the same time dynamic: marked by intensity and vigor heterodyne: having alternating currents with two different frequencies
MEDI
Middle
mediocre: not extraordinary
POPUL
The People
populate: supply with inhabitants
populace: the masses
population: all the people who inhabit an area populous: containing many inhabitants
HOMO
Same
homocentric: having the same center
homogenize: make uniform in consistency homogenous: uniform structure of composition throughout
MATER, MATR
Mother
maternal: relating to or characteristic of a mother
matrix: the womb
matriarchy: a family or community governed by women
SPEC, SPECT, SPIC
Look, See
speculate: take something as true based on insufficient evidence
retrospective: review of the past perspective: mental view of facts and their interrelationships
specter: an apparition
perspicacious: keen mental perception, shrewd, astute
GRAD, GRESS
Step
regress: move backward; revert to an earlier state progressive: going step-by-step; favoring progress egress: an exit
ingress: an entrance
graduate: advance to a new level of skill or achievement
CRACY, CRAT
Government, Rule, Strength
aristocracy: hereditary ruling class
bureaucracy: administration of a government or a large complex
plutocracy: society ruled by the wealthy
theocracy: government by priests
APT, EPT
Skill, Ability
inept: not suitable; having a lack of judgment or reason
apt: exactly suitable
adapt: make suitable to a specific situation
aptitude: inherent ability; a talent
CLEMEN
Mild, Kind, Merciful
clemency: disposition to show mercy; merciful act; mildness
clement: inclined to be merciful; mild
inclement: stormy; showing no mercy
DORM
Sleep
dormitory: room providing sleeping quarters for a number of persons
dormant: inactive; asleep
dormitive: causing sleep
RETRO
Backward
retrospect: review or contemplation of the past retrograde: having a backward motion or direction retroject: throw back
retroactive: influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment
RID, RIS
Laugh
deride: mock
ridicule: words that evoke contemptuous laughter at a person
ridiculous: deserving ridicule; absurd
ridibund: easily moved to laughter
SEN
Old
senescent: aging
MIS
Bad, Wrong Hate, Hatred, Improper
misconstrue: misunderstand
misapprehension: a misunderstanding
misogynist: hater of women
misanthrope: one who hates or mistrusts mankind
QUER, QUES, QUIR, QUIS
Ask, Seek
query: a question
inquest: an investigation; court or legal proceeding inquisition: an investigation; act of inquiring
inquirer: one who asks a question
GRAT
Pleasing
gratify: please
gratitude: thankfulness
gratuitous: free; voluntary
VOC, VOK, VOKE
Call
vociferous: loud, vocal and noisy
evoke: to produce a reaction
advocate: to support by argument
invoke: call on a deity
CENTR
Center
concentric: having a common center
centrifugal: moving or directed away from a center centripetal: moving or directed toward a center concentrate: direct toward a center
centric: situated near or at the center of something
STRUCT
Build
destruction: act of destroying
structure: something built
construct: build
indestructible: impossible to destroy
DUPL
Double, Two
duplicity: double-dealing; being twofold; deceptiveness
duplex: twofold; double
duplicate: identically copied from an original
ARD
Burn
ardor: fiery intensity of feeling
SAG, SAP
Perceive, Taste
presage: an indication or warning of a future occurrence
insipid: lacking flavor or zest
TEMPOR
Time
contemporary: belonging to the same time period temporal: related to time
temporize: act evasively to gain time, avoid an argument, or postpone a decision
extemporaneous: unrehearsed
SALUT, SAN
Health, Heal
salutary: effecting or designed to effect an improvement
sanatory: producing health
FUNC
Perform, Discharge
function: assigned duty or activity
defunct: no longer existing
perfunctory: performed really as a duty; superficial malfunction: failure to work
FRAT
Brother
fraternity: a social organization of men students confraternity: an association of persons united in a common purpose
fraternize: mingle on friendly terms
fratricide: the killing of one’s brother or sister
SACR, SANCT, SECR
Sacred, Holy
sanctify: set apart as holy; consecrate
sacrosanct: extremely sacred; beyond criticism sanctimonious: pretending to be pious or righteous sacred: devoted or dedicated to a deity
XEN, XENO
Stranger, Foreigner
xenophobe: person who is afraid of strangers or foreigners
xenophile: one who is attracted to foreigners xenogenesis: production of children that are very different from either parent
HEMI
Half
hemisphere: half of a sphere
TOX
Poison
intoxicate: to stupefy or excite with a chemical substance
CUMB, CUB
Lie Down
succumb: to give away to superior force, yield
recumbent: lying down, reclining
MISS, MIT
Move, Send
transmit: send from one place to another remittance: something sent as payment
missive: a letter
dismiss: put away from consideration; reject
VIT, VIV, VIVA
Life, Alive, Lively, Animated
vitality: physical or intellectual vigor
survive: remain alive
vivacious: lively
conviviality: sociable; merry
DOM, DOMIN
Master, Lord
dominate: control by authority or power
dominion: control; sovereignty
predominant: having greatest authority, influence, or force
indomitable: unconquerable; not able to be subdued
NEG
No
negate: nullify, cancel out
renege: go back on one’s word
negligent: careless; inattentive
negligible: not worth considering
NEUR
Nerve
neurology: study of the nerves and brain
neurosis: disorder of the nervous system
neuroid: nerve like
PAN, PANT
All, Every
panacea: cure-all
pantheon: all the gods of a people
panoply: impressive array
pandemic: spread over a whole area
SYL, SYM, SYN, SYSN
Together, With
synchronous: occurring at the same time; moving at the same rate
synthesis: blend, combination
system: group of interrelated elements that form a whole
symbiosis: a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence
CO, COL, COM, CON, COR
With, Together
compatible: capable of existing together in harmony
conciliate: to placate, win over
coherent: understandable; sticking together collaborate: work together
conformity: harmony; agreement
NEO, NOU, NOV
New
novice: apprentice, beginner
novel: new or original
innovative: something newly introduced
neologism: new word or expression
ANNU, ANNI, ENNI
Yearly
annuity: yearly income payment
biennial: happening every two years
perennial: lasting throughout the year or for several years
PUT, PUTAT
Think, Calculate
putative: supposed
repute: consider; suppose
reputation: state of being held in high esteem
compute: determine an amount or number
FAC, FIC, FEC
Do, Make
beneficent: performing acts of kindness manufacture: make or process
confection: act of making a sweet preparation
facile: done with little effort; easy
MIN
Small
diminution: lessening; reduction
diminutive: small
minutia: petty details
minuscule: very small
TRACT
Drag, Pull
attract: cause to draw near
tractor: vehicle for pulling machinery
intractable: not easily managed
protract: draw out; prolong
INTRA, INTRO
Inside, Within, Into, Inward
intramural: within an institution such as a school introvert: someone given to self-analysis introspective: contemplating one’s own thoughts and feelings
intravenous: within or administered into a vein
