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Root Words > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

BON, BOUN

A

Good, Generous

bonanza: source of great wealth or prosperity
bountiful: given freely and abundantly

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2
Q

DUR

A

Hard, Lasting

durable: able to withstand wear and tear
duress: constraint by threat; forcible confinement
obdurate: hardened; hardhearted; inflexible

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3
Q

AUG, AUX

A

Increase

augment: make greater
inaugurate: begin or start officially
august: dignified; awe-inspiring
augur: foretell

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4
Q

MAL

A

Bad

malign: to slander
malaise: feeling of discomfort; general sense of depression
malefactor: doer of evil
malfeasance: misconduct

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5
Q

US, UT

A

Use, Useful

usurp: seize by force
usury: lending money at exorbitant rates
utilitarian: concerned with usefulness rather than beauty
utile: useful

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6
Q

CYCL, CYCLO

A

Circle, Wheel, Cycle

cyclical: characterized by cycles; moving in cycles cyclosis: rotary motion of protoplasm within a cell cycloid: resembling a circle
cyclothymia: affective disorder characterized by alternating period of depression and elation

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7
Q

LIBRAR, LIBR

A

Book

library: place where books are kept
libel: defamatory statement; act of writing something that smears a person’s character
libretto: text of a dramatic musical work
librettist: author of a libretto

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8
Q

MOR, MORI, MORT

A

Death

moribund: dying, decaying
immortal: not subject to death; everlasting

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9
Q

PRE

A

Before. Earlier

prenatal: before birth
preclude: make impossible in advance
precedent: a model for something that follows

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10
Q

PSEUDO

A

False

pseudonym: pen name; fictitious or borrowed name
pseduopsia: an optical illusion
pseudodox: false doctrine
pseudomorph: false or irregular form

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11
Q

PSYCH

A

Mind

psyche: the mind
psychiatrist: a doctor who treats disorders of the mind
psychedelic: mind-expanding

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12
Q

TYP, TYPE

A

Type

typical: conforming to a type
typify: represent as a typical example of; symbolize typology: the study or classification of types stereotype: a formulaic conception or image

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13
Q

PHOB, PHOBOS

A

Fear

phobia: fear of something
arachnophobia: abnormal fear of spiders hydrophobia: fear of water
xenophobia: fear of strangers or foreigners

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14
Q

SEQU, SECU

A

Follow

sequel: something that follows
obsequious: overly submissive
sequatious: disposed to follow another
prosecute: to seek or enforce by legal action

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15
Q

CARD, CORD

A

Heart

cardiac: relating to the heart
cardiology: branch of medicine concerned with the heart
cordial: harmony; agreement

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16
Q

EGO

A

Self, I

egotist: self-centered person, selfish
egocentric: self-centered
egomania: extreme egocentrism
egotistical: excessively self-centered

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17
Q

JUR

A

To Swear

abjure: to renounce on oath

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18
Q

HEMO

A

Blood

hemorrhage: heavy bleeding
hemoglobin: respiratory pigment in red blood cells hemophilia: blood coagulation disorder
hemophobia: fear of blood

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19
Q

GRAM, GRAPH

A

Write, Draw, Record

graphology: study of handwriting, particularly for the purpose of character analysis
grammar: the system of rules of a language
demography: study of characteristics of human populations

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20
Q

THE, THEI, THEO

A

God

atheist: person who does not believe in the existence of God
theology: study of God and religion
theogamy: marriage of gods

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21
Q

HAP

A

By Chance

haphazard: characterized by mere chance

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22
Q

MAR, MARI

A

Sea

maritime: relating to the sea
marina: a boat basin for small boats
aquamarine: pale blue to light greenish blue submarine: undersea

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23
Q

TERTI

A

Third
tertian: recurring after three days
tertiary: third in degree or rank
tertium quad: a third thing of indeterminate character tertiary color: a color that results from mixing two secondary colors

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24
Q

CATA

A

Down, Downward

catalyst: something causing change
catapult: ancient military machine for hurling missiles cataclysm: violent upheaval
catastrohpic: relating to a great calamity

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25
Q

SEMI

A

Half, Partly

semiterrestrial: partially living on land
semiannual: occurring twice a year
semitaur: in mythology, a creature that is half-man and half-bull
semester: half of a school year

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26
Q

NULL

A

Nothing

annul: to make or declare void or invalid

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27
Q

SOMN

A

Sleep

somnolent: sleepy
somniferous: inducing sleep
insomnia: chronic inability to fall asleep or remain asleep

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28
Q

PEN

A

Pain, Punishment

penitent: feeling or expressing remorse for one’s misdeeds or sins
penance: punishment undergone in token of penitent for sins

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29
Q

TOM, TOME, TOMY

A

Cut, Section

dermatome: instrument used to cut slices of the skin in skin grafts
microtome: instrument that cuts specimens into slices for examination with microscopes
gastrotomy: surgical incision into the stomach

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30
Q

IM, IN

A

Not

impartial: not partial or biased
indolence: avoid exertion, slothful

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31
Q

LITER

A

Letter

literati: scholarly or learned persons
literature: a body of written works
illiterate: unable to read and write
literal: limited to the most obvious meaning of a word

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32
Q

CREA

A

Bring Forth, Create

create: bring into being
recreate: give fresh life to; refresh mentally or physically
procreation: the conceiving of offspring: producing or creating

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33
Q

TOP, TOPO

A

Place, Region

topography: the configuration of a land surface topology: regional anatomy
toponym: the name of a place
topophobia: fear of certain place

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34
Q

CAUST

A

Burn, heat

caustic: capable of burning, corroding

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35
Q

VIA

A 
Way, Road     
via: by way of    
via media: middle way or course 
viaduct: series of spans that carry a road over another road or a valley    
viaticum: traveling provisions
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36
Q

CERN

A

Perceive

concern: regard for or interest in
discern: perceive, detect
discerning: showing good judgment; perceptive indiscernible: difficult to perceive

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37
Q

NAT, NAS, NAI

A

Birth

native: belonging to one by nature, inborn
nascent: starting to develop
nationality: state of belonging to a particular nation by birth or by naturalization

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38
Q

PUNCT

A

Point, Prick

punctilious: strictly attentive to small details of form in conduct
punctilio: a fine point of etiquette
puncture: a hole made by a sharp object
punctuate: like a point; ending in a point

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39
Q

AD, A

A

To, toward

adept: good at, skillful
advent: arrival or coming

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40
Q

MONO

A

One, Single
monologue: speech performed by one actor monocline: in geology, a single upward fold monolithic: constituting a single, unified whole monochromatic: having one color

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41
Q

PED, POD

A

Foot

pediform: shaped like a foot
pedestrian: commonplace
podiatry: diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the foot

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42
Q

COGNI, GNO

A

Learn, Know

cognition: mental process by which knowledge is acquired
diagnosis: process of determining the nature and cause of a disease
prognosticate: predict on the basis of present conditions

43
Q

SALV

A

Save

salve: an analgesic or medicinal ointment
salvage: act of saving

44
Q

ART

A

Art

artisan: craftsperson
artifact: object made by human craft
artificial: made by human action
artifice: artful expedient

45
Q

BEL

A

Beautiful

embellish: to make beautiful by ornamentation

46
Q

CLAM, CLAIM

A

Call Out, Shout

exclaim: cry out suddenly; utter vehemently exclamation: an abrupt forceful utterance; an outcry clamor: a loud outcry
acclamation: shout of enthusiastic approval

47
Q

JOC

A

Joke

jocular: given to joking

48
Q

MOT

A

Move

remote: located far away

49
Q

ALTER

A

Other

alter: change; modify; become different
alternate: proceed by turns
alternative: one of two mutually exclusive possibilities altercate: argue vehemently

50
Q

GEN

A

Birth, Class, Kin

congenital: existing or as such from birth
genesis: beginning; origin
gentry: people of standing; class of people just below nobility
genre: type, class; distinct literary or artistic category

51
Q

SOPH

A

Wisdom, Skillful, Shrewd

sophist: one who is skilled in deceptive argumentation
sophisticate: making more worldly; refine
sophomoric: showing lack of judgment and immaturity
sophistry: plausible but fallacious argumentation

52
Q

BREV, BRID

A

Short, Small

abbreviate: to make shorter
abridge: to reduce the length of a text

53
Q

FLAGR, FULG, FULM

A

Burn, Shine

conflagration: large destructive fire

54
Q

FLU, FLUCT, FLUX

A

Flow

fluctuate: vary irregularly; rise and fall in waves
flux: flowing; a continuous moving
reflux: a flowing back; an ebbing

55
Q

SATUR

A

Enough

saturate: to imbue or impregnate thoroughly

56
Q

DEC, DECA

A

Ten

decalogue: the Ten Commandments
decade: a period of ten years
decahedron: a polyhedron with ten faces
decapod: a crustacean having ten legs

57
Q

DYN, DYNAM

A

Power, Energy

dynamite: a class of powerful explosives
dynamo: a generator that produces current; an energetic person
dynasty: succession of rulers from the same time dynamic: marked by intensity and vigor heterodyne: having alternating currents with two different frequencies

58
Q

MEDI

A

Middle

mediocre: not extraordinary

59
Q

POPUL

A

The People

populate: supply with inhabitants
populace: the masses
population: all the people who inhabit an area populous: containing many inhabitants

60
Q

HOMO

A

Same

homocentric: having the same center
homogenize: make uniform in consistency homogenous: uniform structure of composition throughout

61
Q

MATER, MATR

A

Mother

maternal: relating to or characteristic of a mother
matrix: the womb
matriarchy: a family or community governed by women

62
Q

SPEC, SPECT, SPIC

A

Look, See

speculate: take something as true based on insufficient evidence
retrospective: review of the past perspective: mental view of facts and their interrelationships
specter: an apparition
perspicacious: keen mental perception, shrewd, astute

63
Q

GRAD, GRESS

A

Step

regress: move backward; revert to an earlier state progressive: going step-by-step; favoring progress egress: an exit
ingress: an entrance
graduate: advance to a new level of skill or achievement

64
Q

CRACY, CRAT

A

Government, Rule, Strength

aristocracy: hereditary ruling class
bureaucracy: administration of a government or a large complex
plutocracy: society ruled by the wealthy
theocracy: government by priests

65
Q

APT, EPT

A

Skill, Ability

inept: not suitable; having a lack of judgment or reason
apt: exactly suitable
adapt: make suitable to a specific situation
aptitude: inherent ability; a talent

66
Q

CLEMEN

A

Mild, Kind, Merciful

clemency: disposition to show mercy; merciful act; mildness
clement: inclined to be merciful; mild
inclement: stormy; showing no mercy

67
Q

DORM

A

Sleep

dormitory: room providing sleeping quarters for a number of persons
dormant: inactive; asleep
dormitive: causing sleep

68
Q

RETRO

A

Backward

retrospect: review or contemplation of the past retrograde: having a backward motion or direction retroject: throw back
retroactive: influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment

69
Q

RID, RIS

A

Laugh

deride: mock
ridicule: words that evoke contemptuous laughter at a person
ridiculous: deserving ridicule; absurd
ridibund: easily moved to laughter

70
Q

SEN

A

Old

senescent: aging

71
Q

MIS

A

Bad, Wrong Hate, Hatred, Improper

misconstrue: misunderstand
misapprehension: a misunderstanding
misogynist: hater of women
misanthrope: one who hates or mistrusts mankind

72
Q

QUER, QUES, QUIR, QUIS

A

Ask, Seek

query: a question
inquest: an investigation; court or legal proceeding inquisition: an investigation; act of inquiring
inquirer: one who asks a question

73
Q

GRAT

A

Pleasing

gratify: please
gratitude: thankfulness
gratuitous: free; voluntary

74
Q

VOC, VOK, VOKE

A

Call

vociferous: loud, vocal and noisy
evoke: to produce a reaction
advocate: to support by argument
invoke: call on a deity

75
Q

CENTR

A

Center

concentric: having a common center
centrifugal: moving or directed away from a center centripetal: moving or directed toward a center concentrate: direct toward a center
centric: situated near or at the center of something

76
Q

STRUCT

A

Build

destruction: act of destroying
structure: something built
construct: build
indestructible: impossible to destroy

77
Q

DUPL

A

Double, Two

duplicity: double-dealing; being twofold; deceptiveness
duplex: twofold; double
duplicate: identically copied from an original

78
Q

ARD

A

Burn

ardor: fiery intensity of feeling

79
Q

SAG, SAP

A

Perceive, Taste

presage: an indication or warning of a future occurrence
insipid: lacking flavor or zest

80
Q

TEMPOR

A

Time

contemporary: belonging to the same time period temporal: related to time
temporize: act evasively to gain time, avoid an argument, or postpone a decision
extemporaneous: unrehearsed

81
Q

SALUT, SAN

A

Health, Heal

salutary: effecting or designed to effect an improvement
sanatory: producing health

82
Q

FUNC

A

Perform, Discharge

function: assigned duty or activity
defunct: no longer existing
perfunctory: performed really as a duty; superficial malfunction: failure to work

83
Q

FRAT

A

Brother

fraternity: a social organization of men students confraternity: an association of persons united in a common purpose
fraternize: mingle on friendly terms
fratricide: the killing of one’s brother or sister

84
Q

SACR, SANCT, SECR

A

Sacred, Holy

sanctify: set apart as holy; consecrate
sacrosanct: extremely sacred; beyond criticism sanctimonious: pretending to be pious or righteous sacred: devoted or dedicated to a deity

85
Q

XEN, XENO

A

Stranger, Foreigner

xenophobe: person who is afraid of strangers or foreigners
xenophile: one who is attracted to foreigners xenogenesis: production of children that are very different from either parent

86
Q

HEMI

A

Half

hemisphere: half of a sphere

87
Q

TOX

A

Poison

intoxicate: to stupefy or excite with a chemical substance

88
Q

CUMB, CUB

A

Lie Down

succumb: to give away to superior force, yield
recumbent: lying down, reclining

89
Q

MISS, MIT

A

Move, Send

transmit: send from one place to another remittance: something sent as payment
missive: a letter
dismiss: put away from consideration; reject

90
Q

VIT, VIV, VIVA

A

Life, Alive, Lively, Animated

vitality: physical or intellectual vigor
survive: remain alive
vivacious: lively
conviviality: sociable; merry

91
Q

DOM, DOMIN

A

Master, Lord

dominate: control by authority or power
dominion: control; sovereignty
predominant: having greatest authority, influence, or force
indomitable: unconquerable; not able to be subdued

92
Q

NEG

A

No

negate: nullify, cancel out
renege: go back on one’s word
negligent: careless; inattentive
negligible: not worth considering

93
Q

NEUR

A

Nerve

neurology: study of the nerves and brain
neurosis: disorder of the nervous system
neuroid: nerve like

94
Q

PAN, PANT

A

All, Every

panacea: cure-all
pantheon: all the gods of a people
panoply: impressive array
pandemic: spread over a whole area

95
Q

SYL, SYM, SYN, SYSN

A

Together, With

synchronous: occurring at the same time; moving at the same rate
synthesis: blend, combination
system: group of interrelated elements that form a whole
symbiosis: a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence

96
Q

CO, COL, COM, CON, COR

A

With, Together

compatible: capable of existing together in harmony
conciliate: to placate, win over
coherent: understandable; sticking together collaborate: work together
conformity: harmony; agreement

97
Q

NEO, NOU, NOV

A

New

novice: apprentice, beginner
novel: new or original
innovative: something newly introduced
neologism: new word or expression

98
Q

ANNU, ANNI, ENNI

A

Yearly

annuity: yearly income payment
biennial: happening every two years
perennial: lasting throughout the year or for several years

99
Q

PUT, PUTAT

A

Think, Calculate

putative: supposed
repute: consider; suppose
reputation: state of being held in high esteem
compute: determine an amount or number

100
Q

FAC, FIC, FEC

A

Do, Make

beneficent: performing acts of kindness manufacture: make or process
confection: act of making a sweet preparation
facile: done with little effort; easy

101
Q

MIN

A

Small

diminution: lessening; reduction
diminutive: small
minutia: petty details
minuscule: very small

102
Q

TRACT

A

Drag, Pull

attract: cause to draw near
tractor: vehicle for pulling machinery
intractable: not easily managed
protract: draw out; prolong

103
Q

INTRA, INTRO

A

Inside, Within, Into, Inward

intramural: within an institution such as a school introvert: someone given to self-analysis introspective: contemplating one’s own thoughts and feelings
intravenous: within or administered into a vein

Root Words (4 decks)

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