Unit 1 Flashcards
CRIT
Separate, Judge
critical: inclined to judge severely; characterized by careful judgment
criterion: a standard on which a judgment can be made
critique: a critical review or commentary
STRICT, STRING
Tight, Drawn Together
stricture: keep within limits
constrict: squeeze or compress
restrict: to keep within limits
stringent: impose rigorous standards of performance
CLAUD, CLAUS, CLOS, CLUD, CLUS
Shut, Close
clause: a stipulation or provision in a document
exclude: keep out; reject; put out
recluse: person who lives in seclusion
occlude: cause to become close; obstruct
FORT
Brave, Strong, Chance
fortify: strengthen; reinforce
fortitude: quality that enables a person to face pain and suffering with courage
fortress: a large military stronghold
FLECT, FLEX
Bend, Turn
flexible: capable of being bent
reflex: bent or thrown back
deflect: bend or turn aside from a purpose
genuflect: to bend knee
SPIR
Breathe
respiration: breathing
aspiration: expulsion of breath in speaking
spirited: animated, courageous
aspire: hope or dream towards a goal or ambition
LAUD
Praise
plaudit: enthusiastic expression of praise or approval
GLOSS, GLOT
Language, Tongue
polyglot: speaker of many languages
glossolalia: fabricated and meaningless speech associated with trance states
glossary: list of words and their meanings, usually at the back of a book
OPER
Work
opera: musical work
operon: a group of genes that work as a unit
operative: functioning; working
operose: working hard
POT
Drink
potable: fit to drink
VERB
Word
verbatim: corresponding word for word
verbal: associated with words
proverbial: widely referred to
verbiage: an excess of words; wordiness
BURS
Purse, Money
reimburse: return money
TREM, TREMU
Tremble, Shake
tremendous: enormous; able to make one tremble
tremulous: marked by shaking or trembling
tremble: shaking involuntarily; quake; feel fear
tremor: a shaking movement
AUTO, AUT
Self
automatic: self-moving or self-active
autograph: person’s signature
autonomous: self-governing
CULP
Fault, Blame
culpable: deserving blame or censure
NEC, NIC, NOC, NOX
Kill, Death, Harm
internecine: deadly to both sides
pernicious: very harmful
nocent: causing injury
innocuous: not harmful
noxious: injurious to health
ULTRA
Beyond, Excessive, On the Other Side of
ultrasonic: relating to acoustic frequencies above the ear’s audible range
ultramodern: extremely modern in style or ideas ultraconservative: conservative to an extreme
CLI, CLIN, CLIV
Leaning, Inclined, Sloped
inclination: a tendency toward a certain condition disinclination: lack of inclination; reluctance
syn clinical: sloping downward from opposite directions and meeting in a common point
proclivity: tendency; inclination
FAL, FALL, FALS
Deceptive, False, Erroneous
false: untrue
fallacious: based on a false idea or fact; misleading falsify: state untruthfully; misrepresent
infallible: incapable of making an error
HOL
Whole
catholic: of broad or liberal scope, comprehensive
OB, OC, OF, OP
Toward, To, Against, Over
occlude: shut; block
obliterate: destroy completely
opprobrious: disgraceful; contemptuous
obfuscate: obscure; confuse
SE
Apart, Away
secede: withdraw from membership in an alliance
seclusion: act of keeping apart from social contact seduce: lead away form accepted principles; attract
sedition: incite rebellion
VID, VIS
See, Look
video: relating to televised images
visible: perceptible to the eye
supervisor: one who is in charge
vista: a distant view or prospect
FATU
Foolish
fatuous: foolish or silly, in a smug, self-satisfied way
TEND, TENS, TENT
Stretch, Strive
tension: act of stretching tight
contend: strive in opposition; to struggle
contention: act of striving in controversy
tensor: a muscle that stretches a body part
CYN, CAN
Dog
cynicism: attitude of scornful or jaded negativity
SEC, SECT, SEGM
Cut
sectile: relating to a mineral that can be cut smoothly by a knife
dissect: cut apart
secant: a straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points
segmented: divided into parts
SINU
Bend, Fold
sinuous: characterized by many curves or turns
AMBI, AMPHI
Both, On Both Sides, Around
ambiguous: open to various interpretations
ambient: surrounding
ambivalent: having conflicting feelings
DI
Day
diurnal: daily
ARCH
First, Chief, Ruler, Superior
patriarchy: family or community governed by men archetype: original model after which others are patterned
EU
Well, Good
eulogy: high praise
euphoria: feeling of extreme happiness
euhony: pleasant and harmonious sound
euphemism: pleasant-sounding term for something unpleasant
CERT
Certain
certify: confirm formally as genuine
certainty: state or fact of being certain
certitude: state of being certain; sureness of occurrence
ascertain: discovery with certainty
LEG
Law
illegal: prohibited by law
legalese: abstruse vocabulary of the legal profession legitimate: in accordance with established standards; genuine; reasonable
legislation: laws, decrees, mandates
NIHIL
Nothing, None
nihilism: an extreme form of skepticism that denies all existence
CIT, CITAT
Call, Start
cite: mention as illustration or proof; to quote as an example
citable: able to be brought forward as support or proof
recite: say aloud before an audience something rehearsed
recitative: having the character of a recital
URB
City
urban: related to a city
urbane: refined, sophisticated, suave
urbanologist: specialist in city life
urbanite: city dweller
OS, OSS, OST, OSTE(O)
Bone
ossify: turn into bone
osteitis: bone inflammation
ostosis: formation of bone
osteoma: bone tumor
TACT, TANG
Touch
contact: a coming together for touching
tactus: sense of touch
tactful: characterized by a sense of what is right and proper
tangible: palpable; able to be touched
ANTIQU
Old, Ancient
antiquated: too old to be useful or fashionable
antiquity: ancient times; an object form ancient times
antiquarian: relating to the study of antiquities
antiquate: make old-fashioned or obsolete
META
Change, At A Later Time, Beyond
metaplasia: change of one kind of tissue into another kind
metanoia: spiritual conversion
JUNCT, JUG
Join
junction: the act of combining
conjugal: relating to the relationship of spouses
ERG
Work
ergatocracy: government by workers
ergonomics: science of the design of equipment for maximizing productivity
erg: a unit of work
synergy: working together
VIL
Base, Mean
vilify: to slander
CONTRA, CONTRO, COUNTER
Against, Opposite
contrast: to set in opposition to emphasize differences contradict: speak against
contrary: opposed
contravene: act contrary to; to violate
TRAN, TRANS
Across, Through
transcend: rise above, go beyond
transmute: change in appearance, shape or nature
transmogrify: change into a different shape or form
transgress: to violate a law, command or moral code
VOLU, VOLV
Roll, Turn
revolution: a turning around an axis
volution: a turn of twist around a center
evolution: process of developing gradually
devolve: to degenerate or deteriorate
E, EF, EX
Out, Former, Completely
evade: to escape from
efface: to rub or wipe out
exonerate: to declare free from blame
CENT
Hundred, Hundredth
centurion: commander of a century in the roman army centenary: relating to a 100-year period
centenarian: one who is 100 years old or more centennial: occurring every 100 years
AEV, EV
Age, Era
primeval: belonging to the earliest age
medieval: belonging to the Middle Ages
coeval: existing during the same era
longevity: long life; long duration
CRED
Trust, Believe
credo: statement of belief or principle; creed credentials: evidence concerning one’s right to confidence or authority
credence: acceptance of something as true incredulous: skeptical; doubtful
FRAC, FRAG
Break
fractional: very small; being in fractions or pieces
refract: deflect sound or light
fractious: unruly; rebellious
fragmentary: consisting of small disconnected parts
SCI
Know
scibile: something that is possible to know
sciolism: conceited and shallow knowledge ability prescient: having foresight
nescience: absence of knowledge; ignorance
MEGA
Large, Great
megalith: a very large stone used in various prehistoric architectures or monumental
megaphone: device used to amplify the voice megalopolis: vast city
megalophonous: having a loud voice
MOLL
Soft
mollify: to calm in temper or feelings, to soothe
A, AN
Not, Without
agnostic: person who is doubtful about something anemia: deficiency in the part of the blood that carries oxygen
atrophy: the wasting away of body tissue
atypical: not typical
PED
Child, Education
pedantic: showing off learning
pedagogue: teacher
pedodontics: dentistry dealing with treatment of children’s teeth pedant: one who displays learning ostentatiously
PARA
Beyond, Related, Alongside
paradigm: model, example; pattern
paradisaical: heavenly; wonderful
paramount: supreme; primary
paragon: model of excellence
NEUT, NEUTR
Not Either
neutral: belonging to neither side in a war or controversy
neutralize: make neutral
neutrality: state of being neutral
neuter: neither masculine nor feminine
PHOS, PHOT
Light
photosensitive: sensitive to light or radiant energy photophile: loving light
photometry: measurement of the properties of light
VER
Truth
veritable: real; genuine
verity: truthfulness
veracity: accuracy, truthfulness
verisimilitude: quality of appearing true or real
aver: to declare to be true
AM
Love, Liking
amiable: friendly; likeable
enamored: captivated
amity: friendship
amatory: inclined toward love
SED, SESS, SID
Sit, Settle
assiduous: diligent, hardworking
MULT, MULTI
Many
multifarious: having a great variety, diverse multifaceted: made up of many parts
multeity: state of being many
PUB
The Public
public: concerning the community or people
republic: a political order in which a body of citizens has supreme power
publicity: act of communicating information to attract people interest
publish: announce; bring to the attention of the people
ASTR, ASTER
Star
asterisk: the sign *
astral: relating to stars
astronaut: person who travels in space
astrology: study of the influence of the stars and planets on human beings
CIRCU, CIRCUM
Around
circuitous: roundabout, indirect
circumvent: avoid; getting around
circumflex: curving around
circumlocution: indirect way of saying something
APPELL
Name, Call Upon
appellation: name or title
appeal: earnest or urgent request
appellant: relating to an appeal
appellate: having the power to hear court appeals
LUD
Play, Game
allude: make an indirect reference to
ludicrous: laughable; ridiculous
elude: evade
interlude: an entertainment between acts of a play
TELE
Distance, Far
telemetry: science of transmitting data from someplace remote to a distant receiving station telecommunication: science of communicating over distances by electronic transmission
teleseism: tremor from a distant earthquake
PAL, PALEO
Ancient
paleoethnic: relating to the earliest races of man paleography: study of ancient writings
paleology: study of antiquities
paleogenetic: of past origin
UN
Not, Reverse, Undo, Remove
unfeigned: not feigned; not made up; genuine; real untenable: not viable; indefensible
unequivocal: absolute, certain
unfetter: free from restraints; liberate
PET
Seek, Request, Assail
petition: a request to an authority
competition: the act of striving against others to attain a goal
petulant: contemptuous; peevish
repetitive: given to the act of repeating
FID, FI
Faith
fidelity: loyalty
confidence: trust or faith in someone or something perfidious: faithless; disloyal; untrustworthy
fiduciary: given or held in trust
RECT, REG, REGN
King, Rule, Govern
regal: of a monarch
rector: an Anglican cleric in charge of a parish
regime: a government in power
regulation: a law to govern conduct
TERM
End, Limit terminal: concluding; final; fatal midterm: middle of an academic term terminate: end interminable: endless term less: having no limits; unending
PUG
To Fight
impugn: to charge as false
CORP, CORS
Body
corpse: a dead body
corporeal: concerned with the body
corpus: a large collection of writings
incorporate: unite one thing with something else already in existence
IT, ITER
Go, Repeat
sedition: inciting rebellion
iterate: to say or perform again, repeat
OMNI
All, EVERY
omnipotent: having unlimited power omnipresent: present everywhere
omneity: state of including all things
omniscient: having infinite knowledge
DYS
Bad, Impaired, Abnormal
dysfunctional: functioning abnormally
dyslexia: learning disorder causing impairment of the ability to read
dysentery: disorder of the lower intestinal tract dyspepsia: indigestion
DOG, DOX
Opinion, Belief, Praise
dogmatic: characterized by an authoritarian assertion of unproved principles
orthodox: adhering to what is commonly accepted or traditional
paradox: self-contradictory assertion based on valid deduction from acceptable premises
heterodox: not in agreement with accepted beliefs
AC, ACR, ACER, ACRI
Sharp, Sour, Bitter
acute: sharp at the end; ending in a point
acerbic: sour or astringent in taste, harsh in temper acerbate: annoy
acrimonious: caustic, stinging, or bitter in nature
RECT
Straight, Right
rectitude: moral uprightness; righteousness
erect: fix in an upright position
erectile: able to be raised to an upright position rectilinear: bounded by straight lines
recto: right-hand page of a book
LEG, LEC, LEX
Read, Speak, Word
lecture: An earnest admonition or reproof
lexicon: dictionary
lexicography: process of compiling a dictionary
lexis: vocabulary; set of words in a language
NOCT, NOX
Night
noctambulant: walking in one’s sleep
noctivagant: wandering around at night
noctilucous: shining at night
nocturnal: relating to or occurring in the night
CAP, CAPT, EPT, CIP
Hold, Seize, Take
intercept: interrupt the course of
captious: faultfinding; intending to entrap, as in an argument
percept: principle that prescribes a course of action
capture: take captive; to seize
PECU
Money
impecunious: lacking money
ARM, ARMA
Weapons
armistice: truce; temporary stop to fighting
armada: fleet of warships
disarmament: reduction of a nation’s weapons and military forces
armadillo: burrowing mammal that has armor like long plates
METER, METR
Measure
perimeter: outer limits of an area
ammeter: instrument that measures electric current in amperes
metro logy: study of weights and measures
PLEN, PLET, PLE
Fill, Full
replete: abundantly supplied
ULTIM
Last
ultimatum: final statement or terms made by one party to another
FUG
Flee
subterfuge: deceptive stratagem or device
MON, MONIT
Warn
monitor: maintain continuous observation of admonish: caution or reprimand
premonition: forewarning; presentiment remonstrate: object or protest
AQUA, AQUE
Water
aquatic: relating to water
aquarium: tank for holding fish and sea plants subaqueous: created or existing under water
aquifer: underground rock formation that bears water; where water flows underground
HELIO
Sun
heliocentric: having the Sun as the center
heliolatry: Sun worship
heliotrop: kind of plant that turns toward the Sun heliotherapy: therapy based on exposure to sunlight
UNI
One
unique: one of a kind
universal: characterizing or affecting all; present everywhere
unipolar: having a single magnetic or electric pole
unilateral: affecting only one side
ECTO
Outside, External
ectogenous: able to develop outside a host ectoplasm: outer part of the cytoplasm of a cell ectopic pregnancy: development of an ovum outside the uterus
ectoderm: outermost germ layer of an embryo
ANT, ANTE
Before
antedate: precede in time
antediluvian: extremely old; happening before the Flood
anterior: placed before; earlier
antler: bony growth on the head of a deer</p>
MAG, MAX, MAJ, MAS
Great, Big
magnify: to increase the apparent size of
magnate: powerful person
magnitude: extent; greatness of size
maxim: expression of general truth or principal
VAL, VAIL
Strength, Worth
valor: courage and boldness
prevail: greater in strength or influence
