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Root Words > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CRIT

A

Separate, Judge

critical: inclined to judge severely; characterized by careful judgment
criterion: a standard on which a judgment can be made
critique: a critical review or commentary

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2
Q

STRICT, STRING

A

Tight, Drawn Together

stricture: keep within limits
constrict: squeeze or compress
restrict: to keep within limits
stringent: impose rigorous standards of performance

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3
Q

CLAUD, CLAUS, CLOS, CLUD, CLUS

A

Shut, Close

clause: a stipulation or provision in a document
exclude: keep out; reject; put out
recluse: person who lives in seclusion
occlude: cause to become close; obstruct

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4
Q

FORT

A

Brave, Strong, Chance

fortify: strengthen; reinforce
fortitude: quality that enables a person to face pain and suffering with courage
fortress: a large military stronghold

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5
Q

FLECT, FLEX

A

Bend, Turn

flexible: capable of being bent
reflex: bent or thrown back
deflect: bend or turn aside from a purpose
genuflect: to bend knee

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6
Q

SPIR

A

Breathe

respiration: breathing
aspiration: expulsion of breath in speaking
spirited: animated, courageous
aspire: hope or dream towards a goal or ambition

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7
Q

LAUD

A

Praise

plaudit: enthusiastic expression of praise or approval

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8
Q

GLOSS, GLOT

A

Language, Tongue

polyglot: speaker of many languages
glossolalia: fabricated and meaningless speech associated with trance states
glossary: list of words and their meanings, usually at the back of a book

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9
Q

OPER

A

Work

opera: musical work
operon: a group of genes that work as a unit
operative: functioning; working
operose: working hard

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10
Q

POT

A

Drink

potable: fit to drink

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11
Q

VERB

A

Word

verbatim: corresponding word for word
verbal: associated with words
proverbial: widely referred to
verbiage: an excess of words; wordiness

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12
Q

BURS

A

Purse, Money

reimburse: return money

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13
Q

TREM, TREMU

A

Tremble, Shake

tremendous: enormous; able to make one tremble
tremulous: marked by shaking or trembling
tremble: shaking involuntarily; quake; feel fear
tremor: a shaking movement

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14
Q

AUTO, AUT

A

Self

automatic: self-moving or self-active
autograph: person’s signature
autonomous: self-governing

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15
Q

CULP

A

Fault, Blame

culpable: deserving blame or censure

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16
Q

NEC, NIC, NOC, NOX

A

Kill, Death, Harm

internecine: deadly to both sides
pernicious: very harmful
nocent: causing injury
innocuous: not harmful
noxious: injurious to health

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17
Q

ULTRA

A

Beyond, Excessive, On the Other Side of

ultrasonic: relating to acoustic frequencies above the ear’s audible range
ultramodern: extremely modern in style or ideas ultraconservative: conservative to an extreme

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18
Q

CLI, CLIN, CLIV

A

Leaning, Inclined, Sloped
inclination: a tendency toward a certain condition disinclination: lack of inclination; reluctance
syn clinical: sloping downward from opposite directions and meeting in a common point
proclivity: tendency; inclination

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19
Q

FAL, FALL, FALS

A

Deceptive, False, Erroneous

false: untrue
fallacious: based on a false idea or fact; misleading falsify: state untruthfully; misrepresent
infallible: incapable of making an error

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20
Q

HOL

A

Whole

catholic: of broad or liberal scope, comprehensive

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21
Q

OB, OC, OF, OP

A

Toward, To, Against, Over

occlude: shut; block
obliterate: destroy completely
opprobrious: disgraceful; contemptuous
obfuscate: obscure; confuse

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22
Q

SE

A

Apart, Away

secede: withdraw from membership in an alliance
seclusion: act of keeping apart from social contact seduce: lead away form accepted principles; attract
sedition: incite rebellion

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23
Q

VID, VIS

A

See, Look

video: relating to televised images
visible: perceptible to the eye
supervisor: one who is in charge
vista: a distant view or prospect

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24
Q

FATU

A

Foolish

fatuous: foolish or silly, in a smug, self-satisfied way

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25
Q

TEND, TENS, TENT

A

Stretch, Strive

tension: act of stretching tight
contend: strive in opposition; to struggle
contention: act of striving in controversy
tensor: a muscle that stretches a body part

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26
Q

CYN, CAN

A

Dog

cynicism: attitude of scornful or jaded negativity

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27
Q

SEC, SECT, SEGM

A

Cut

sectile: relating to a mineral that can be cut smoothly by a knife
dissect: cut apart
secant: a straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points
segmented: divided into parts

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28
Q

SINU

A

Bend, Fold

sinuous: characterized by many curves or turns

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29
Q

AMBI, AMPHI

A

Both, On Both Sides, Around

ambiguous: open to various interpretations
ambient: surrounding
ambivalent: having conflicting feelings

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30
Q

DI

A

Day

diurnal: daily

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31
Q

ARCH

A

First, Chief, Ruler, Superior

patriarchy: family or community governed by men archetype: original model after which others are patterned

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32
Q

EU

A

Well, Good

eulogy: high praise
euphoria: feeling of extreme happiness
euhony: pleasant and harmonious sound
euphemism: pleasant-sounding term for something unpleasant

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33
Q

CERT

A

Certain

certify: confirm formally as genuine
certainty: state or fact of being certain
certitude: state of being certain; sureness of occurrence
ascertain: discovery with certainty

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34
Q

LEG

A

Law

illegal: prohibited by law
legalese: abstruse vocabulary of the legal profession legitimate: in accordance with established standards; genuine; reasonable
legislation: laws, decrees, mandates

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35
Q

NIHIL

A

Nothing, None

nihilism: an extreme form of skepticism that denies all existence

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36
Q

CIT, CITAT

A

Call, Start

cite: mention as illustration or proof; to quote as an example
citable: able to be brought forward as support or proof
recite: say aloud before an audience something rehearsed
recitative: having the character of a recital

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37
Q

URB

A

City

urban: related to a city
urbane: refined, sophisticated, suave
urbanologist: specialist in city life
urbanite: city dweller

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38
Q

OS, OSS, OST, OSTE(O)

A

Bone

ossify: turn into bone
osteitis: bone inflammation
ostosis: formation of bone
osteoma: bone tumor

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39
Q

TACT, TANG

A

Touch

contact: a coming together for touching
tactus: sense of touch
tactful: characterized by a sense of what is right and proper
tangible: palpable; able to be touched

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40
Q

ANTIQU

A

Old, Ancient

antiquated: too old to be useful or fashionable
antiquity: ancient times; an object form ancient times
antiquarian: relating to the study of antiquities
antiquate: make old-fashioned or obsolete

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41
Q

META

A

Change, At A Later Time, Beyond

metaplasia: change of one kind of tissue into another kind
metanoia: spiritual conversion

42
Q

JUNCT, JUG

A

Join

junction: the act of combining
conjugal: relating to the relationship of spouses

43
Q

ERG

A

Work

ergatocracy: government by workers
ergonomics: science of the design of equipment for maximizing productivity
erg: a unit of work
synergy: working together

44
Q

VIL

A

Base, Mean

vilify: to slander

45
Q

CONTRA, CONTRO, COUNTER

A

Against, Opposite

contrast: to set in opposition to emphasize differences contradict: speak against
contrary: opposed
contravene: act contrary to; to violate

46
Q

TRAN, TRANS

A

Across, Through

transcend: rise above, go beyond
transmute: change in appearance, shape or nature
transmogrify: change into a different shape or form
transgress: to violate a law, command or moral code

47
Q

VOLU, VOLV

A

Roll, Turn

revolution: a turning around an axis
volution: a turn of twist around a center
evolution: process of developing gradually
devolve: to degenerate or deteriorate

48
Q

E, EF, EX

A

Out, Former, Completely

evade: to escape from
efface: to rub or wipe out
exonerate: to declare free from blame

49
Q

CENT

A

Hundred, Hundredth

centurion: commander of a century in the roman army centenary: relating to a 100-year period
centenarian: one who is 100 years old or more centennial: occurring every 100 years

50
Q

AEV, EV

A

Age, Era

primeval: belonging to the earliest age
medieval: belonging to the Middle Ages
coeval: existing during the same era
longevity: long life; long duration

51
Q

CRED

A

Trust, Believe

credo: statement of belief or principle; creed credentials: evidence concerning one’s right to confidence or authority
credence: acceptance of something as true incredulous: skeptical; doubtful

52
Q

FRAC, FRAG

A

Break

fractional: very small; being in fractions or pieces
refract: deflect sound or light
fractious: unruly; rebellious
fragmentary: consisting of small disconnected parts

53
Q

SCI

A

Know

scibile: something that is possible to know
sciolism: conceited and shallow knowledge ability prescient: having foresight
nescience: absence of knowledge; ignorance

54
Q

MEGA

A

Large, Great

megalith: a very large stone used in various prehistoric architectures or monumental
megaphone: device used to amplify the voice megalopolis: vast city
megalophonous: having a loud voice

55
Q

MOLL

A

Soft

mollify: to calm in temper or feelings, to soothe

56
Q

A, AN

A

Not, Without

agnostic: person who is doubtful about something anemia: deficiency in the part of the blood that carries oxygen
atrophy: the wasting away of body tissue
atypical: not typical

57
Q

PED

A

Child, Education

pedantic: showing off learning
pedagogue: teacher
pedodontics: dentistry dealing with treatment of children’s teeth pedant: one who displays learning ostentatiously

58
Q

PARA

A

Beyond, Related, Alongside

paradigm: model, example; pattern
paradisaical: heavenly; wonderful
paramount: supreme; primary
paragon: model of excellence

59
Q

NEUT, NEUTR

A

Not Either

neutral: belonging to neither side in a war or controversy
neutralize: make neutral
neutrality: state of being neutral
neuter: neither masculine nor feminine

60
Q

PHOS, PHOT

A

Light

photosensitive: sensitive to light or radiant energy photophile: loving light
photometry: measurement of the properties of light

61
Q

VER

A

Truth

veritable: real; genuine
verity: truthfulness
veracity: accuracy, truthfulness
verisimilitude: quality of appearing true or real
aver: to declare to be true

62
Q

AM

A

Love, Liking

amiable: friendly; likeable
enamored: captivated
amity: friendship
amatory: inclined toward love

63
Q

SED, SESS, SID

A

Sit, Settle

assiduous: diligent, hardworking

64
Q

MULT, MULTI

A

Many

multifarious: having a great variety, diverse multifaceted: made up of many parts
multeity: state of being many

65
Q

PUB

A

The Public

public: concerning the community or people
republic: a political order in which a body of citizens has supreme power
publicity: act of communicating information to attract people interest
publish: announce; bring to the attention of the people

66
Q

ASTR, ASTER

A

Star

asterisk: the sign *
astral: relating to stars
astronaut: person who travels in space
astrology: study of the influence of the stars and planets on human beings

67
Q

CIRCU, CIRCUM

A

Around

circuitous: roundabout, indirect
circumvent: avoid; getting around
circumflex: curving around
circumlocution: indirect way of saying something

68
Q

APPELL

A

Name, Call Upon

appellation: name or title
appeal: earnest or urgent request
appellant: relating to an appeal
appellate: having the power to hear court appeals

69
Q

LUD

A

Play, Game

allude: make an indirect reference to
ludicrous: laughable; ridiculous
elude: evade
interlude: an entertainment between acts of a play

70
Q

TELE

A

Distance, Far

telemetry: science of transmitting data from someplace remote to a distant receiving station telecommunication: science of communicating over distances by electronic transmission
teleseism: tremor from a distant earthquake

71
Q

PAL, PALEO

A

Ancient

paleoethnic: relating to the earliest races of man paleography: study of ancient writings
paleology: study of antiquities
paleogenetic: of past origin

72
Q

UN

A

Not, Reverse, Undo, Remove

unfeigned: not feigned; not made up; genuine; real untenable: not viable; indefensible
unequivocal: absolute, certain
unfetter: free from restraints; liberate

73
Q

PET

A

Seek, Request, Assail

petition: a request to an authority
competition: the act of striving against others to attain a goal
petulant: contemptuous; peevish
repetitive: given to the act of repeating

74
Q

FID, FI

A

Faith

fidelity: loyalty
confidence: trust or faith in someone or something perfidious: faithless; disloyal; untrustworthy
fiduciary: given or held in trust

75
Q

RECT, REG, REGN

A

King, Rule, Govern

regal: of a monarch
rector: an Anglican cleric in charge of a parish
regime: a government in power
regulation: a law to govern conduct

76
Q

TERM

A 
End, Limit     
terminal: concluding; final; fatal      
midterm: middle of an academic term     
terminate: end          
interminable: endless      
term less: having no limits; unending
77
Q

PUG

A

To Fight

impugn: to charge as false

78
Q

CORP, CORS

A

Body

corpse: a dead body
corporeal: concerned with the body
corpus: a large collection of writings
incorporate: unite one thing with something else already in existence

79
Q

IT, ITER

A

Go, Repeat

sedition: inciting rebellion
iterate: to say or perform again, repeat

80
Q

OMNI

A

All, EVERY

omnipotent: having unlimited power omnipresent: present everywhere
omneity: state of including all things
omniscient: having infinite knowledge

81
Q

DYS

A

Bad, Impaired, Abnormal

dysfunctional: functioning abnormally
dyslexia: learning disorder causing impairment of the ability to read
dysentery: disorder of the lower intestinal tract dyspepsia: indigestion

82
Q

DOG, DOX

A

Opinion, Belief, Praise

dogmatic: characterized by an authoritarian assertion of unproved principles
orthodox: adhering to what is commonly accepted or traditional
paradox: self-contradictory assertion based on valid deduction from acceptable premises
heterodox: not in agreement with accepted beliefs

83
Q

AC, ACR, ACER, ACRI

A

Sharp, Sour, Bitter

acute: sharp at the end; ending in a point
acerbic: sour or astringent in taste, harsh in temper acerbate: annoy
acrimonious: caustic, stinging, or bitter in nature

84
Q

RECT

A

Straight, Right

rectitude: moral uprightness; righteousness
erect: fix in an upright position
erectile: able to be raised to an upright position rectilinear: bounded by straight lines
recto: right-hand page of a book

85
Q

LEG, LEC, LEX

A

Read, Speak, Word

lecture: An earnest admonition or reproof
lexicon: dictionary
lexicography: process of compiling a dictionary
lexis: vocabulary; set of words in a language

86
Q

NOCT, NOX

A

Night

noctambulant: walking in one’s sleep
noctivagant: wandering around at night
noctilucous: shining at night
nocturnal: relating to or occurring in the night

87
Q

CAP, CAPT, EPT, CIP

A

Hold, Seize, Take

intercept: interrupt the course of
captious: faultfinding; intending to entrap, as in an argument
percept: principle that prescribes a course of action
capture: take captive; to seize

88
Q

PECU

A

Money

impecunious: lacking money

89
Q

ARM, ARMA

A

Weapons

armistice: truce; temporary stop to fighting
armada: fleet of warships
disarmament: reduction of a nation’s weapons and military forces
armadillo: burrowing mammal that has armor like long plates

90
Q

METER, METR

A

Measure
perimeter: outer limits of an area
ammeter: instrument that measures electric current in amperes
metro logy: study of weights and measures

91
Q

PLEN, PLET, PLE

A

Fill, Full

replete: abundantly supplied

92
Q

ULTIM

A

Last

ultimatum: final statement or terms made by one party to another

93
Q

FUG

A

Flee

subterfuge: deceptive stratagem or device

94
Q

MON, MONIT

A

Warn

monitor: maintain continuous observation of admonish: caution or reprimand
premonition: forewarning; presentiment remonstrate: object or protest

95
Q

AQUA, AQUE

A

Water

aquatic: relating to water
aquarium: tank for holding fish and sea plants subaqueous: created or existing under water
aquifer: underground rock formation that bears water; where water flows underground

96
Q

HELIO

A

Sun

heliocentric: having the Sun as the center
heliolatry: Sun worship
heliotrop: kind of plant that turns toward the Sun heliotherapy: therapy based on exposure to sunlight

97
Q

UNI

A

One

unique: one of a kind
universal: characterizing or affecting all; present everywhere
unipolar: having a single magnetic or electric pole
unilateral: affecting only one side

98
Q

ECTO

A

Outside, External

ectogenous: able to develop outside a host ectoplasm: outer part of the cytoplasm of a cell ectopic pregnancy: development of an ovum outside the uterus
ectoderm: outermost germ layer of an embryo

99
Q

ANT, ANTE

A

Before

antedate: precede in time
antediluvian: extremely old; happening before the Flood
anterior: placed before; earlier
antler: bony growth on the head of a deer</p>

100
Q

MAG, MAX, MAJ, MAS

A

Great, Big

magnify: to increase the apparent size of
magnate: powerful person
magnitude: extent; greatness of size
maxim: expression of general truth or principal

101
Q

VAL, VAIL

A

Strength, Worth

valor: courage and boldness
prevail: greater in strength or influence

Root Words (4 decks)

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