Unit 3

Question 1

What is a refugee?

Answer 1

People fleeing conflict and persecution and are protected by international law, cannot be returned to where their life/freedom is at risk

Question 2

What type of migrants are refugees?

Answer 2

forced migrants

Question 3

What is an asylum seeker?

Answer 3

someone who wishes to be classed as a refugee, may be a victim of persecution (due to race, sexuality, religion)

Question 4

How does an asylum seeker become a refugee?

Answer 4

reach country to make their application, put into temporary accommodation while their application is processed without rights to work, if successful they will be classed as a refugee and be provided the same rights and benefits as a citizen, if not then they are deported to country of origin

Question 5

Why do asylum seekers try to reach wealthy countries?

Answer 5

better job opportunities
better resources
democracy, political stability

Question 6

Why might people in the country have negative views of the asylum seekers?

Answer 6

propaganda
racism
uneducated
NHS - free service that is in crisis

Question 7

How might some peoples views change if they understood why some people flee their country?

Answer 7

• make an economic contribution
• be more understanding
• help reduce targeted crime

Question 8

How are natural disasters a cause of refugee movement?

Answer 8

e.g. floods, volcanos, earthquakes

often these people move in their home country (internally displaces people)

but in extreme cases they can become international refugees

Question 9

How can economic policies (Land grabs) cause refugee movement?

Answer 9

TNC’s have great influence over governments, especially in
poorer regions
these leads to exploitation of people and land e.g. farmers being evicted

Question 10

What is the case study for land grabs?

Answer 10

Gambella region of Ethiopia

Question 11

How much land was grabbed in Ethiopia?

Answer 11

100,000 hectares of agricultural land through a 50 year renewable lease

Question 12

Between 1995 and 2016, how many hectares of agricultural land have been ‘grabbed’?

Answer 12

7 million hectares distributed to several companies

Question 13

What company has leased the land from Ethiopian government?

Answer 13

Indian Giant Karuturi Global

Question 14

What is the land in Ethiopia being used for?

Answer 14

to grow and process crops such as sugar cane, corn and oil palm

Question 15

What human rights violation did the Anauk tribe suffer at the hands of the Ethiopian military?

Answer 15

beatings, unlawful arrests, intimidation, denial of aid, killing, rape, murder and forced relocation

Question 16

How many people in Ethiopia have been thought to suffer from these types of projects?

Answer 16

1.5 million rural families

Question 17

According to the United Nations, how many people have been said to be forced out of their homes due to war and persecution?

Answer 17

65 million people

Question 18

When did the ‘Arab Spring’ begin and what was it about?

Answer 18

in 2010

about democracy protests and resulted in conflict in the Middle East

Question 19

What events led to the start of the Arab Spring?

Answer 19

December 2010, a man set himself on fire to protest against constant pressure and spread further out into the Middle East

Question 20

What are some of the countries involved in the Arab Spring?

Answer 20

Syria, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Egypt

Question 21

When did the Syrian Civil War start and how many people are affected?

Answer 21

2011

UN estimate that nearly 600,000 people have been killed and 13 million forcibly displaced

Question 22

How many kids in Syria need emergency aid from conflict?

Answer 22

6.5 million

Question 23

When was the earthquake in Syria and what were the consequences?

Answer 23

Feb 6th 2023

aftershocks devastated NW Syria and SE Turkey, killing hundreds (collapse of infrastructure)

Question 24

Of the 13 million displaced Syrians, where in the EU are they moving?

Answer 24

approx.
50% have moved to other parts of Syria
40% have moved to neighbouring countries e.g. Turkey, Jordan
10% have moved somewhere within the EU

Question 25

As of 2022, How many Syrians have moved to the U.K and Germany?

Answer 25

U.K = 12,000 Germany = 670,000

Question 26

Name some of the organisations that helped to manage the issues of the Syrian refugee crisis?

Answer 26

Non-governmental Organisations (NGO's) e.g. World Vision International Governmental Organisations (IGO's) e.g. The UN Refugee Agency and National Governments e.g. Greece and Germany

Question 27

What were world vision doing to help manage issues of the crisis?

Answer 27

in 2022, they reached more than 1.9 million people in Syria, over 45% were children, where they provided food, shelter and clean water After feb 6th earthquake, more than 50 projects launched in partnership to support 1.8 million people

Question 28

What did the UNHCR do to help with the refugee crisis?

Answer 28

had a plan known as 3RP asking for $4.6 billion, in order to support 7 million people from Syria to... provide humanitarian aid, with stoves, fuel for heating, thermal blankets, food, access to clean water and sanitation

Question 29

Why do so many refugees and asylum seekers from Syria make their way to Greece?

Answer 29

Go to Turkey, closer to Greece, can go across to Greece Due to lack of policies on the borders of Greece and acts as an external border to the EU

Question 30

Why were some Germans becoming concerned about the migration in 2015?

Answer 30

- pressure on healthcare and schools - encouraged other EU countries to be open and welcome refugees - S.A of women liked to a migrant - changed publics opinion of migrants

Question 31

What was the EU - Turkey deal?

Answer 31

Europe closed its borders, stopping the Western Balkan Route

Question 32

What will happen to future refugees who try to enter Europe?

Answer 32

All 'irregular immigrants' (mostly Syrian) crossing Turkey into Greece from March 2016 will be sent back and assessed by greek authorities

Question 33

How is the EU compensating Turkey under this agreement?

Answer 33

one for one, each Syrian returned to Turkey, another Syrian will be resettled into the EU 2300 experts set to arrive in Greece to enforce deal ( security officials and translators)

Question 34

Does the EU - Turkey deal go against the UNHCR requirements for accommodating refugees?

Answer 34

Hope that people will be discouraged from making more dangerous journeys by sea, in return Turkey will receive aid.

Question 35

Since jan 2016, how many migrants entered the EU?

Answer 35

1 million migrants and refugees entered the EU by boat from Turkey to Greece 143,000 arrived in 2016 alone, 460 dead EU compensated with money = a billion euros

Question 36

What was the difference in the number of refugees and migrants arriving across the Mediterranean to Europe between 2014 and 2015?

Answer 36

2014 = 156,000 approx 2015 = 412,000 approx

Question 37

Why is it difficult to stop this tragedy from occurring?

Answer 37

created the largest refugee crisis since world war 2, there are simply too many people to stop

Question 38

What are the positive social impacts of the Syrian migration crisis?

Answer 38

- people discouraged from making dangerous journey - 3.2 million, diffusion of culture - impacted birth rate in Turkey, helped to tackle their aging population

Question 39

What are the negative social impacts of the Syrian Migration crisis?

Answer 39

- increase in gang crime and sexual violence - people drowning during the journey - child exploitation and families split up - scarring/horrifying experience

Question 40

What are the positive economic impacts of the Syrian Migration crisis?

Answer 40

- the EU + member states are funding the EU facility for refugees into Turkey, provided £3 billion - The European commission providing £348 million to social net emergency safety (EESN) providing support for up to 1 million refugees

Question 41

What are the economic negative impacts of the Syrian Migration crisis?

Answer 41

- loss of a generation for Syrian economy - economic loss for having to support migrants

Question 42

What are the political positives of the Syrian Migration crisis?

Answer 42

- led to collaboration between countries in addressing the crisis

Question 43

What are the political negatives of the Syrian Migration crisis?

Answer 43

- rise of right wing politics in some recipient countries (e.g. Germany) - anti - immigration (rise of anti- islamic movements)

Question 44

How many Ukrainian refugees are there globally, and how many in the EU?

Answer 44

globally = 6.5 million EU = 5.9 million

Question 45

How does the UKs governments 'Home for Ukraine' policy operates?

Answer 45

Allows Ukrainian nationals and their families to the UK if they've been invited by a span set host. 1. register interest, then look for host - ask who lives in their household and what they can offer in terms of accommodation. 2. data driven approach matches potential hosts with refugees based on the availability of each household.