Unit 2 Flashcards
What is an international economic migrant?
a person who moves voluntarily from one country to another to improve their standards of living
What is net immigration?
Where the number of immigrants is greater than the number of emigrants
What is net emigration?
where the number of emigrants is greater than the number of immigrants
What does the term diaspora mean?
the movement or spreading of a large number of people from one part of the world to another, in doing so they take along their culture and establish a new cultural community in their new homeland
Why are there diasporas in the U.K?
Due to its colonial past, during late 1800’s the U.K ruled nearly 25% of the worlds land surface = British Empire
What were the effects of the two world wars on the British Empire?
colonial countries regained their independence, however the commonwealth still remains
What is the commonwealth?
an intergovernmental organisation of 52 member states, from former british empire
What did the British Nationality Act 1948 allow for?
members of the commonwealth countries to migrate to the U.K, equally British citizens could move to other commonwealth countries.
Where was the first commonwealth diaspora in the U.K from?
Caribbean in 1948 on HMS Windrush with 492 passengers
Why was the ‘Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962’ introduced?
to restrict movement of people from Commonwealth to those only with a government-issued work permit
What is the case study for the role of the commonwealth on migration and diversity?
Birmingham
What did Birmingham host in 2022?
the commonwealth games
In 2021, which nationality made up the largest migrant population in the U.K?
India = 896,000
Poland = 600,000
When did the A8 countries join the EU? (give 2 examples)
2004
Poland, Hungary
Between 2004 and 2007 how many migrants moved to the U.K from Eastern Europe? (and how many of which where polish)
800,000
500,000 of which were polish
economic migration
The British and Poland have had links before 2004. What happened in 1939?
The British allowed Polish government to take refuge after WW2 they were allowed protection and where still allowed to govern Poland
How many polish workers where recorded to have migrated in 2016?
646,000
What % of poles that migrated in 2016 worked within the process, plant and machine operatives sector of employment?
20%
What % of poles that migrated in 2016 worked within the elementary occupations sector of employment?
28%
What % of poles that migrated in 2016 worked within the managers, directors and senior officials sector of employment?
3%
What was the ratio of males to females of the polish migrants to the U.K?
60:40
What was the % of polish migrants between 2004 and 2006 that were aged between 18 and 44?
92%
What are some examples of areas where polish workers are concentrated within the U.K?
Birmingham, Leeds, Nottingham
What where some of the positive social impacts in the U.K of the polish migration?
- introducing a new culture
- expanding social circles
What were some of the negative social impacts in the U.K due to polish migration?
- local people move out (due to overcrowding)
- abuse = attacks on migrants
- influx of foreign patients, not enough funding e.g. for translators
- concerns of behaviors of young people
What were some of the positive economic impacts in the U.K due to polish migration?
- more workers for industry work
- filled the labour gap e.g. building, trade, agriculture
- Bank of England stated migration helped prevent the rise of oil prices
- good for local economy
What were some of the negative political impacts in the U.K due to polish migration?
- riots and public disagreements
- racism world like ‘invasion’ used
- no. of migrants not fully known
- increased tensions e.g. Enoch Powel criticised the acceptance of Uganda refugees
What were some of the negative environmental impacts in the U.K due to polish migration?
- fly tipping increased due to migrant who didn’t understand waste rules
- increased vandalism