Unit 3 Flashcards
Define Assimilation in the context of cognitive development.
Assimilation is the process of interpreting new information within the framework of existing knowledge.
How does a child demonstrate Assimilation when encountering a new animal?
A child might see a horse and call it a dog, interpreting the new information using their existing knowledge.
What is Accommodation in Piaget’s theory?
Accommodation involves making small changes to existing knowledge to cope with new information that does not fit existing frameworks.
What are the stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?
Cognitive development occurs in a series of stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations.
Identify the age range for the Sensorimotor stage of development.
The Sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to 1.5 years.
What characterizes the Sensorimotor stage of development?
In the Sensorimotor stage, children learn about the world through their senses and body movement.
List the age range for the Preoperational stage of development.
The Preoperational stage occurs from 2 to 7 years.
What is the age range for the Concrete Operations stage?
The Concrete Operations stage occurs from 7 to 11 years.
At what age does the Formal Operations stage begin?
The Formal Operations stage begins at 11 years and continues into adulthood.
Describe the significance of Equilibrium in Piaget’s theory.
Equilibrium is achieved when assimilation and accommodation work together to create a balance between the mind and the environment.
What happens between 1-4 months of age in infant development?
Infants learn to combine two reflexes, such as waving their fists and bringing them to their mouths.
How does hand-eye coordination improve between 4-8 months?
Infants respond to other stimuli and improve their hand-eye coordination, for example, by trying to bump a rattle again after it makes a noise.
Define intentional behavior in infants aged 8-12 months.
Intentional behavior refers to infants learning that certain actions lead to specific results, imitating others, and following objects with their eyes.
What is object permanence and when do infants typically develop it?
Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight, typically developed around ten months.
How do infants engage in trial and error between 12-18 months?
Infants engage in trial and error by performing actions like pushing a cracker off a highchair and observing the results.
What cognitive abilities begin to develop in infants aged 18-24 months?
Infants begin to experiment mentally as well as physically, thinking about their actions before performing them.
Describe the transition to the preoperational stage in child development.
The preoperational stage involves basic mental operations replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn, although children still lack logic.
How do children in the preoperational stage learn?
Children learn mostly through language and mental images, actively constructing their own understanding of concepts and operations.
Describe the characteristics of children in the Preoperational stage.
Children in the Preoperational stage are prone to thinking errors, use feelings to solve problems rather than logic, engage in make-believe play, and exhibit egocentrism.
Define egocentrism in the context of child development.
Egocentrism is the inability to see a situation from another person’s perspective, exemplified by a child believing that the sun follows them and goes to bed when they do.
How does multiple classification manifest in children during the Preoperational stage?
Multiple classification is the ability to understand that an object can fit into more than one category, which develops as children grow.
Explain the concept of seriation in child development.
Seriation is the ability to order groups of things by size, weight, or common property, such as arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest.
What is conservation in the context of child cognitive development?
What is conservation in the context of child cognitive development?Conservation refers to the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement, such as believing that a taller glass holds more liquid.
What is conservation in the context of child cognitive development?
Conservation refers to the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement, such as believing that a taller glass holds more liquid.
Provide an example of intuitive reasoning in children.
An example of intuitive reasoning is when a child guesses which line has more marbles without using logical reasoning.
Describe syncretic reasoning and provide an example.
Syncretic reasoning involves a break in logic and changing criteria, such as a child believing that because their mother makes dinner before their dad comes home, making dinner causes dad to come home.
What role does make-believe play have in the Preoperational stage?
Make-believe play allows children to explore their imagination and understand the world around them, reflecting their cognitive development.
Describe the Concrete Operational Stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.
In the Concrete Operational Stage, children learn to solve more complex problems using basic logic, understand conservation, and have a perfected understanding of reversibility, multiple classification, and seriation.
how do children in the Concrete Operational Stage understand conservation?
children in this stage understand that a given amount of anything remains the same even if its shape changes.
Define the Formal Operations Stage in Piaget’s cognitive development theory.
The Formal Operations Stage is characterized by the ability to think through complex problems, think abstractly, understand loyalty and freedom, and engage in hypothetical thinking.
What is an example of hypothetical thinking in children?
An example of hypothetical thinking is when a child answers ‘What if…’ questions.
Explain how Piaget views children’s learning process.
Piaget believes that children build their own knowledge based on their experiences, learn independently without adult influence, and are naturally motivated to learn without needing rewards.
How can caregivers help children develop cognitive skills according to Piaget’s theory?
Caregivers can engage children in games and activities that promote problem-solving, logical thinking, and understanding of concepts like conservation and reversibility.
What is the significance of understanding loyalty and freedom in the Formal Operations Stage?
Understanding loyalty and freedom signifies that children can grasp more complex social concepts and moral reasoning during the Formal Operations Stage.
Explain how Piaget views children’s learning process.
Piaget believes that children build their own knowledge based on their experiences, learn independently without adult influence, and are naturally motivated to learn without needing rewards.
How can caregivers help children develop cognitive skills according to Piaget’s theory?
Caregivers can engage children in games and activities that promote problem-solving, logical thinking, and understanding of concepts like conservation and reversibility.
What cognitive skills are perfected during the Concrete Operational Stage?
During the Concrete Operational Stage, children perfect their understanding of reversibility, multiple classification, and seriation.
Describe the aspects of language.
