unit 2/.1 Flashcards
Describe the key developments in infancy (0-2 years)
Synaptic pruning begins, rapid growth of connections (synaptogenesis), gross motor skills develop (sitting, crawling, walking), fine motor skills emerge (grasping, holding), vision develops (depth perception, color), hearing matures, and sense of smell and taste strengthen.
How do motor skills develop during early childhood (2-6 years)?
Motor skills improve with increased coordination (running, jumping) and refined fine motor skills (drawing, using utensils).
Define synaptic density and its significance in early childhood (2-6 years).
Synaptic density peaks during early childhood, which is crucial for cognitive and motor skill development.
What changes occur in the brain during middle childhood (6-12 years)?
The prefrontal cortex develops, enhancing planning, attention, and impulse control.
How do physical abilities change during middle childhood (6-12 years)?
Strength and agility improve, and motor skills like riding a bike and sports skills develop.
What are the significant developments in adolescence (12-18 years)?
There is significant development in the prefrontal cortex, refined motor skills for complex tasks, and enhanced sensory processing, especially in vision and auditory discrimination.
How does motor skill refinement manifest in adolescence (12-18 years)?
Motor skills become refined for complex tasks such as sports and playing musical instruments.
Define the peak efficiency of neural processing in early adulthood (18-40 years).
During early adulthood, neural processing reaches peak efficiency, allowing for optimal cognitive and physical performance.
What happens to neuroplasticity in early adulthood (18-40 years)?
There is a gradual decline in neuroplasticity during early adulthood.
How do sensory abilities change in early adulthood (18-40 years)?
Sensory abilities remain stable, but slight declines in visual acuity and hearing may begin in the late 30s.
Describe the key motor development milestones in infancy.
In infancy, key motor development milestones include developing a pincer grasp, lifting the head, performing simple actions like waving, sitting, crawling, and reaching for and grasping objects.
How can caregivers support healthy motor development in infants?
Caregivers can support healthy motor development in infants by holding, interacting, and playing with the baby, providing stimulating toys of different shapes and colors, talking and reading to the baby, ensuring a healthy living environment, and providing proper feeding and nutrition.
Define the threats against healthy motor development in infancy.
Threats against healthy motor development in infancy include illness or disorders, premature birth, neglect by caregivers, harmful environments, abuse, screen exposure, poor nutrition or health care, dangerous environments like pollution, and constant loud noises.
What are the motor development milestones for toddlers?
Motor development milestones for toddlers include walking independently, using cutlery, holding objects while walking, and learning to climb steps, with movements becoming more subtle by age three.
How can parents encourage motor skills in toddlers?
Parents can encourage motor skills in toddlers by allowing them to assist with chores, engaging in reading or storytelling, singing rhymes, dancing, and taking them out on walks to parks or cafes.
Identify the potential dangers that toddlers face during their development.
Potential dangers for toddlers include falling from windows, stairs, beds, and chairs; strangulation or choking; ingesting toxins from cleaning supplies and medications; burns from hot objects or fluids; drowning; and being struck by a car.
Describe the motor development activities typical for preschool-aged children.
Typical motor development activities for preschool-aged children include running, jumping, early throwing, and kicking.
How can caregivers promote healthy development in preschool-aged children?
Caregivers can promote healthy development in preschool-aged children by ensuring proper nutrition, helping develop language skills, interacting with the child, and providing appropriate play opportunities that enhance cognitive, social, and emotional well-being.
What factors can threaten healthy development in preschool-aged children?
Factors that can threaten healthy development in preschool-aged children include poor nutrition, weight issues, height concerns, abuse, neglect, poverty, and family problems.
