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Social 30-1 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does democracy stand for?

A

Demos - Citizen
Kratos - Power

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2
Q

Define Democracy:

A

Government of the people, by the peopleand for the people

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3
Q

What concept is emphasized in Democracy?

A

Majority rule with respect for minority rights

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of democracy? There 2 subdevision systems? And the 2 types of the seperation of power?

A

1) Direct or Representative
2) Federal or Unitary
3) Parliamentary or Presidential

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5
Q

Where did Democracy originate? And what did they practice?

A
  • Ancient Athens
  • Practiced Direct Democracy
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6
Q

Define Direct Democracy:

A
  • Citizens directly take part in the making of laws
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7
Q

In todays dan and age, why is direct democracy not practical?

A

Becasue of the large size of communities and the complexity of issues.

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8
Q

How is Direct Democracy still used today?

A

The governt is able to involve citizens through a direct vote in which each person votes for or againts the proposed action.

This is done through REFERENDUMS or PLEBISCITES.

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9
Q

Define Referendums:

A

Legally binding votes

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10
Q

Define Plebiscites:

A

Non-binding votes (opinion poll)

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11
Q

Define Representitive Democracy:

A
  • Holds the principle of political equality (one person, one vote)
  • Citizens vote to elect people who represent personal intrests and concerns
  • To achieve political equity, the country is divided into 2 political units (constituencys and ridings)
  • Thoses who are elected, meet debate, and make laws on behalf of the community.
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12
Q

How does the First Past the Post and Winner Takes All system work?

A
  • It is a type of representitive democracy in which candidates compete for ONE seat, whoever wins the most votes becomes the ridings representitive.
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13
Q

What type of government does First Past the Post and Winner Takes All systems tend to create?

A

They tend to artifically create majority governments.

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14
Q

How does a Proportional Representation system elect representitives?

A
  • Seats are distributed based on the total number of votes a political party wins.
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15
Q

What type of government does Proportional Representation system tend to create?

A

Minority or coalition governments.

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16
Q

Define a Fedual system:

A
  • It hase three levels of goevernent (national, state/provincial, municipal)
  • Power is divided dependant on the constitution
  • Forbids one level from interfearing with anothers power
  • Sometimes the levels have to negociate together if the issues overlap.
17
Q

Define a Unitary system:

A
  • only a national government (some legislative responsibilities are
    usually delegated to lower (city, town,
    county) levels of government)
  • national government has the power to disallow laws passed by these lower levels.
18
Q

Why is political power divided amongst three branches?

A

so that power cannot be centralized in any one branch. This is called the principle of separation of powers.

19
Q

What is the legislative branch responsible for?

A

Making laws

20
Q

What is the executive branch responsible for?

A

Enforcing laws

21
Q

What is the judiciary branch responsible for?

A

Intrepreting laws

22
Q

Describe Parliamentary Democracy:

A
  • emphasizes the
    role of a parliament in making government
    decisions & policy
  • Specifically, the executive branch is
    comprised of a Prime Minister & Cabinet.
    -
23
Q

In a parliamentary democracy, how do prime ministers come into power?

A

Prime Ministers are not elected by citizens but rather are leaders of the political party that is elected to office.

24
Q

Describe presidential democracy:

A
  • a president is directly elected by the citizens.
  • they makes up a big portion of the executive branch but they do work
    with a Vice President & Cabinet.
  • they have veto power tho over decisions
25
Q

What is essential to protect in democracy? and why?

A
  • Minority rights
  • Only by guaranteeing the individual rights and freedoms of all citizens can democracy avoid degenerating into a tyranny (oppressive/cruel rule) of the majority.
26
Q

How does the government stay accountable in democracys?

A
  • all citizens have the right to
    participate in political processes
    (voting, running for office, campaigning for
    candidates, and expressing political opinions)
  • This keeps the governemt acountable to the people
27
Q

How does opposition relate to acountability in govenrment?

A
  • expressed as an official opposition within the legislature and through the right of citizens to dissent with government decisions.
  • The freedom of dissent is limited by the requirement of respecting the rights of others
28
Q

Define popular soverntienty:

A
  • rule by the people
29
Q

What 9 points does popular sovernty require?

A

1) periodic elections
2) Secret ballots
3) Universal suffrage
4) Independant judicary - (court systems/ judges are beyond the control of the government becasue they make decisions that go against the government)
5) Rule of Law - (everones equal under the law)
6) Power of the Purse (raising/spending of all money must originate with the elected representatives of the people)
7) Political Parties
8) Interest groups
9) Free Press

30
Q

What are 5 problems with democracy?

A

1) Voter Apathy
2) Tyranny of the Majority
3) Lobby Groups
4) Power of Bureaucracy
5) Party Discipline

31
Q

Describe a dictatorship:

A
  • power & rule is conducted by entities that have no accountability to the people of a nation
  • subject to the goals and ambitions of the select few individuals that have power and rule over a nation in their interests
  • Most dictatorships operate in a parasitic relationship with their people, living a luxurious life while the quality of life of the people is sacrificed.
32
Q

Describe Autocracy:

A
  • government that is ruled by one individual with absolute authority.
  • they rule to the intrest of themsleves
  • maintains their authority by force
    (Nazi Germany)
33
Q

Describe oligarchy:

A
  • rule/power is concentrated in a small number of individuals
  • focased interest of the elite group at the expense of the majority
    (Islamic Republic of Iran)
34
Q

Describe totalitarianism:

A
  • all encompassing and high degree of control within a dictatorship.
  • most extreme and total control over both public and private life
    (typicaly occurs in autocracys)
35
Q

Describe Junta:

A
  • Rule is conducted by a military leader or tribunal (military oligarchy) in which decisions about the nation & people are made
    (sudan)
36
Q

Five Techniques of dictatorship:

A

1) Propaganda
2) Indoctornation
3) Direction of popular discontent
4) The use of force
5) Controlled participation

Social 30-1 (3 decks)

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