Unit 1 Flashcards
Ideologies and Identity
How does IDENTITY relate to INDIVIDUAL beliefs?
- It is the idea you have about yourself.
- A collective of traits you believe distinguish you from others.
How does IDENTITY relate to COLLECTIVE beliefs?
These are traits you share with a group of other people.
Examples of IDENTITY characteristics for INDIVIDUAL beliefs:
- Past experiences
- Gender
Examples of IDENTITY characteristics for COLLECTIVE beliefs:
- Religion
- Language
- Faith
- Cuture
How does IDEOLOGY impact IDENTITY?
- Individuals may chose to embrace certain ideologies because they mirror their own beliefs and values.
Define IDEOLOGY
- A set of principals or ideas that explain our world and our place in it.
What are the 4 CHARACTERISTICS of IDEOLOGY?
1) The Nature of Human Beings
2) The Structure of Society
3) Interpretations of History
4) Visions of the Future
What are the 7 THEMES of IDEOLOGY?
1) Nation
2) Class
3) Race
4) Environment
5) Relationship to Land
6) Gender
7) Religion
Define ECONOMICS:
- The study of how people use their resources to meet needs and wants
Define POLITICS:
- Who gets what, when and how often
What are the 3 basic ECONOMIC questions?
1) What to Produce
2) How to Produce
3) For whom to Produce
What are the MEANS of PRODUCTION?
- Land (ie. oil, water)
- Labour (ie. people, mental/physical)
- Capital (ie. factories, assets, money)
What is a MIXED economy?
- Mixture of public and private enterprise (aka socialism)
What is a MARKET economy?
- Buyers and sellers decide what is produced and the amount
- Little government control
What is a CENTRALLY PLANNED economy?
- The three basic economic questions are answered by a CENTRAL AUTHOURITY
- Government controlled
Define COLLECTIVISM:
- Work cooperativly to solve social/economic issues
- Collective enterprises, unions
- Teamwork
- Government is Positive
What are the 6 fundamental PRINCIPALS of INDIVIDUALISM?
1) Rule of Law
2) Individual rights and freedoms
3) Private property
4) Economic freedom
5) Self intrest
6) Competition
What are the 6 fundamental PRINCIPALS of COLLECTIVISM?
1) Economic Equality
2) Cooperation
3) Public Property
4) Collective intrests
5) Collective responsibility
6) Adhere to collective norms
Aspects of POLITICAL LIBERALISM
All members of society have the same legal rights and freedoms, regardless of gender, race or economic status.
Aspects of ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
Individuals right to property and the removal of government control in economic markets sot the the value of goods and services are decided by individuals.
Aspects of SOCIAL LIBERALISM
Individuals are the basis of society. They should be treated as equals and have access to the rights and freedoms to a good quality life.
Classical Liberalism views
- Interests in protecting the freedoms of individuals in economic affairs
- Maximum rights and freedoms for certain individuals (entrepreneurs)
- Government rules, regulations (ie. minimum wage) and social programs (ie. health care) are kept to a minimum with every person working on their own behalf.
Modern Liberal views
- Creating equality of opportunity for all individuals
- Government intervenes to ensure that the most vulnerable are cared for.
- Group responsibility
- Non-traditional values
- Public property for public good
- Activist government
What is the main difference between Modern Conservative and Classical liberals?
- Modern conservatives favour traditional values that CL do not
- Focus on Law and safety
Modern Conservative Views
- Individualism and competition
- Laissez Faire and decentralized government
- Personal responsibility
- Tradition values
- Maximum benefit
- Property rights
What are the beliefs of JOHN LOCKE?
- “Right”
- “Father of Liberalism”
- All knolage is derived from experience
- Human nature good
- Born with natural rights and freedoms
- People enter into a societal contract with whoever holds power in the government
What are the beliefs of THOMAS HOBBES?
- “Right”
- Human nature evil
- People need guidance from a strong leader
- Supported the idea of a strong leader in an absolutism system
What are the beliefs of JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU?
- “Left”
- Root of slavery is private property
- Admired the “noble savage” who lived in harman with nature
- Property should be owned communally
What are the beliefs of JOHN STUART MILLS?
- “Left”
- Led the utilitarianism movement in the 1800’s
- Questioned unregulated capitalism
- Believed that is was wrong that workers lived deprived lives that bordered on starvation
- Wished to help ordinary people
- Favoured cooperative systems
What are the beliefs of EDMUND BURK?
What are the beliefs of ADAM SMITH?
- “Left”
- “Father of Capitalism”
- Labour not land is the source of wealth
- All businesses must be free from government control
- Free market responds to supply and demand
- the “invisible hand” of self intrest would provide for all
- Competition with other businesses would keep quality up and prices down
What are the beliefs of EDMUND BURK?
- “right leaning”
- Horrified by the excesses of the
French Revolution - Did not believe all individuals were equally capable of participation in the affairs of the nation.
- Saw this a a flaw in liberalism
- Established institutions, run by the educated people of society, were necessary to control the irrational passions of the uneducated masses
- Government should be run by a small group of people
- People are not equal
What are the beliefs of KARL MARX?
- As capitalism advanced the ownership & wealth of industry would be concentrated into fewer and fewer hands
- Capitalists would exploit workers and consumers in their drive for ever higher profits
- Wanted a fully planned out government system.
