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Social 30-1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ideology

A
  • Set of beliefs that provide a picture as to what a group of people believe
  • Key beliefs around which political and economic systems are centered
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2
Q

Example of Ideology

A

1) Collectivism
2) Individualism

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3
Q

Define Individualism

A
  • Allows individual goals to be emphasised
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4
Q

Why do democrats like individualism?

A

Because it allow for the freedom of choice in who should be representative

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5
Q

Define collectivism

A
  • Favours the interest of the group
  • Emphasis on equality and welfare
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6
Q

Define communism

A
  • Advocates for a classless society in which all property and wealth is communally owned
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7
Q

Define fascism

A
  • Power is mainly held by one person
  • Usually totalitarianism
  • support authoritarianism, nationalism, hierarchy, elitism, and militarism
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8
Q

Define nationalization

A
  • Taking privately owned companies, industry’s or assets and putting them under government control
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9
Q

Define centralization

A
  • The concentration of control under a single authority
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10
Q

Define Authoritarian

A
  • A political system in which a monarch or dictator assumes total constitutional power under his or her authority
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11
Q

Define Totalitarian

A
  • a political system in which tries to maximize state or government control over the actions on individuals
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12
Q

What are the differences between Socialism and Communism?

A
  • Communist want to gain power by violence, while socialists want belief is should be through democratic election
  • Communists believe in one-party democracy, socialist believe in more that one party democracy
  • Communist want complete public ownership of property, socialists believe in public ownership for essential industries
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13
Q

What is demand side economics?

A
  • theory that the demand for goods and services drives economic activity
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14
Q

What is supply side economics? (Trickle down and reaganomics)

A
  • If a government
    incentivises businesses
    through:

1) Tax cuts/breaks
2) Reduction in regulation
3) Privatization
4) Low interest rates

The government can
increase economic growth
of the public & private
business

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15
Q

What are the three main part of the industrial rev?

A
  • Agricultural rev
  • Commercial rev
  • Transportational rev
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16
Q

How did the agricultural revolution influence the industrial revolution?

A
  • Farmers producing extra food = growth in population
  • The extra food was being produced without the need for more farmers so the new population could work elsewhere like mines
  • Price of food started to fall because of the abundance so people were able to spend less
  • The profits made landowners wealthier, and they would spend there money on things like roads therefore improving the industry
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17
Q

How did the transportation revolution influence the industrial revolution?

A
  • Bulky items such as coal and food could be moved more easily
  • Cheaper transport costs ment cheaper prices of raw material
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18
Q

How did urbanization impact the industrial revolution?

A
  • With the rapid increase of population, people began moving to cities to find work
  • Rapid urbanization created many social problems like lack of housing, overcrowding, crime, no social services
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19
Q

What 4 main groups opposed classical liberalism?

A

1) Luddites
2) Chartists
3) Socialism
4) Marxism

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20
Q

Describe the luddites:

A
  • A group of English handicraftsmen who rioted in protest against the textile machinery that took them out
  • Destroyed thousands of pieces of machinery
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21
Q

What drove luddites to rebellion?

A
  • During the industrial rev. laws and customs made to protect the working class were ignored and abandoned
  • Minimum wage decreased and trade unions were banned
22
Q

Describe the chartists:

A
  • Working class in britain that focused on political and economic reform.
  • Advocated for universal suffrage for all men over 21, voting by secret ballot, annual elections
23
Q

Describe socialism:

A
  • Resources controlled by the public
  • Cooperation over competition
  • socialists rejected the lack of equality and humanitarianism under classical liberalism
  • Wanted fundamental change to classical liberalisms structure
24
Q

What did Utopian socialist believe in?

A
  • Education and improved working conditions could peacefully eradicate the worst aspects of capitalism
  • Humanitarianism who wished to end the appalling conditions of the working class
    Modify classical liberalism not overturn is supporting systems
25
Q

Describe Marxism (aka. scientific socialism and communism)

A
  • Violent way to achieve socialism
  • The only way to overthrow capitalism is through class struggle between the workers and owners
26
Q

Describe Neo-Concervatism:

A
  • Rebirth of conservatism
  • the same level of government intervention in the economy could be achieved through manipulation of the money and credit supply. Thus being able to reduce government, and direct government influence in the economy
27
Q

Describe thaterism:

A
  • reduce government involvement
  • Britain sold its social housing, and privatized many utility companies
28
Q

What two camps does the world split into during the cold war?

A

1) The Warsaw Pact
2) NATO

29
Q

What types of countries aligned themselves with the Warsaw Pact?

A

Those aligned with the Soviets and Communism

30
Q

What types of countries aligned themselves with NATO?

A

Those allied with the Americans and democratic liberalism

31
Q

Who was the cold war between?

A

USSR and US

32
Q

What was the goal of the cold war?

A
  • Victory over each other and other countries
  • a “war” of ideology as well as global political, economic,
    and, social control
33
Q

What is meant by “cold” war?

A

The fact there there was no direct conflict between the states. Hostilities were exchanged through means of proxy war, space races and economic competition.

34
Q

What happened at the Yalta conference?

A
  • The “Big Three” met at Yalta, Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill, where their focus was to redraw the map of Europe
  • Numerous events, agreements, and conflicts resulted, in which also created tension between the USSR and US
35
Q

What were the 4 key issues to the beginning of the cold war?

A

1) The postwar treatment of Germany was a major sticking point
2) US aid to Europe (the marshall plan) was offered to all European countries with “strings attached”
3) Stalinization began in 1945 with the intention of installing communism in all states liberated from Nazi Germany by the Soviet Union
4) Hungary’s move toward independence and increasing freedoms for its citizens in 1956.

36
Q

What happened after the second world war that affected the cold war?

A

the United States and the Soviet
Union no longer had common enemies

37
Q

Why was The postwar treatment of Germany was a major sticking point t o the cold war?

A

Soviet Union wanted reparations and a weakened Germany

Allies felt Germany needed to be economically strong for Europe to be strong

38
Q

Why was Hungary’s move toward independence and increasing freedoms for its citizens in 1956 an issue for the US?

A

Seen as a hostile act against Liberalism to the US

39
Q

Who were the new superpowers after WW2?

A

The US and Soviet Union

40
Q

How were the US and USSR the new superpowers?

A
  • More powerful after WW2 then before
  • Building more weapons and placing more citizens under arms than ever before.
  • Also expanded their territorial control and influence far beyond
    previous limits.
41
Q

Define expansionism:

A

attempt to enlarge territorial and ideological influence beyond a country’s borders and allies

42
Q

Define containment:

A

attempt to thwart another country’s expansionism through means other than direct warfare

43
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade?

A
  • Stalin blocked all road, rail and canal
    transportation to West Berlin
  • The Western response was to fly in supplies to the West
    Berliners
  • What was thought to last maybe a few days turned into 11 months
  • At the height of the Berlin airlift, flights were landing at the
    rate of one every three minutes.
  • Stalin became frustrated with the ineffectiveness of the blockade and lifted it
  • This event is characterized the rivalry of the cold war
44
Q

What was the Berlin Wall?

A
  • East German troops locked down the border between East and
    West Berlin, and Tore up the streets and installed barbed wire fences.
  • The purpose was to separate the stop the flow of East Germans into West Berlin where they had access to NATO protection, and economic
    opportunity
  • Many died in attempt to cross the wall
45
Q

Describe alignment:

A
  • For security some countries aligned themselves with one superpower or the other
  • In other cases the superpowers influenced or forced countries to choose one ideological side or the other
46
Q

What was Non-alignment?

A
  • Some countries chose or tried to choose their own ideologies separate from the superpowers (countries with a history of colonization wanted to get away from imperialistic powers)
47
Q

What was the Bandung confrence?

A
  • Held in Java Indonesia
  • 29 African and Asian countries met to promote economic and cultural co-operation
  • oppose the colonial and imperialist intentions of the superpowers
  • Beginning of (NAM) Non-aligned movement
48
Q

What was the Non-Aligned movement (NAM)?

A
  • concept of the “Third World”
  • countries that had gained independence from colonialism
    after the Second World War, in the process of industrializing and were committed to choosing
    their international involvement for themselves.
49
Q

Define deterrence:

A
  • Method of cold war
  • involves the building up of one’s capacity to fight such that
    neither opponent will fight because of the expected outcomes.
  • A hot war between the superpowers would mean a nuclear war
  • kill not only the opponents but also the population of the entire
    planet.
  • MAD (Mutually assured destruction)
50
Q
A

Social 30-1 (3 decks)

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