Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What dental changes affect nutrition in older adults?

A

Decreased chemical production, atrophy of digestive tissue, reduced signaling to tissues, and changes in tissue structure and function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is essential about calorie needs for older adults?

A

Older adults have a reduced need for calories but require the same amount of nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does basal metabolic rate affect weight in aging patients?

A

Basal metabolic rate declines, contributing to weight gain when eating the same amount of calories as before; it decreases by 2% each decade of life after 25 years old.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the benefits of soluble fibers?

A

Soluble fibers lower serum cholesterol and improve glucose tolerance.

Found in oats and pectin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the benefits of insoluble fibers?

A

Insoluble fibers promote bowel activity.

Found in grains, vegetables, and fruits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risks associated with a high-fat diet?

A

High fat intake is associated with risks of heart disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Client education regarding RDA of calcium intake and risk associated with taking too much calcium #1

A

Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium absorption ability is decreased with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Client education regarding RDA of calcium intake and risk associated with taking too much calcium #2

A

Calcium intake no more than 2000 mg per day calcium minimum of 1000 mg per day to prevent osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Client education regarding vitamin B deficiency

A

Piloerection (goosebumps) is indicative of a vitamin B deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nursing care and interventions to improve side effects related to pancreatitis & aspiration prevention

A

Pancreatitis avoid fried foods aspiration prevention sit in high Fowlers position while eating and 30 minutes after eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nursing care and interventions to improve side effects related to dysphasia, delayed gastric, emptying and concentrated urine

A

Dysphasia cut food into small bites no talking while eating check for pocketing of food, Sit in high Fowlers position;
Delayed gastric emptying slowly emptying time identify nausea and eat several small meals;
Concentrated urine administer fluid signs of dehydration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Client education and recommendations related to nutritional supplements

A

Take note of what herbal supplement and dosage, frequency &potential side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nursing considerations related to dehydration and overhydration

A

Dehydration can be life-threatening for older adult, sign, and symptoms dry or poor turgor, dry and brown tongue, sunken eye or cheek orbitals
Overhydration IVF hydration can lead to this signs of symptoms, edema, nausea, vomiting, excessive urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define insomnia

A

Inability to fall asleep, difficulty staying asleep & premature waking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define nocturnal myoclonus

A

Condition characterized by at least five leg jerks or movement per hour of sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define phase advance

A

Falling asleep earlier in the evening and awakening earlier in the morning comment among adults same amount of sleep, but hours shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define restless leg syndrome

A

Neurological disorder, characterized by uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lays down

18
Q

Define central sleep apnea

A

Defect in central nervous system affecting diaphragm

19
Q

Define obstructive sleep apnea

A

Blockage in upper airway interfering with normal airflow snores erratic breathing patterns may need cpap machine

20
Q

Sleep stage one

A

Dozing off easily awakens

21
Q

Sleep stage two

A

Deeper sleep, but easily awakened. Eye movement noted under eyelids.

22
Q

Sleep stage one and two

A

Older people spend more time in stage one and two

23
Q

How does alcohol or caffeine affect sleep?

A

Both disturb sleep

24
Q

Different ways to promote better sleep

A

Bedtime, routines, warm, bass, restrict foods or fluids before bedtime, limit blue light, and only use sedatives if needed

25
Special considerations regarding sleep sedatives
Use with utmost care serious adverse reactions only use if absolutely needed
26
Define neuropathic pain
Occur occurs from abnormal processing of sensory stimuli by the central or peripheral nervous system
27
Define nocieptive pain
Arises from mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimuli
28
Define somatic pain
Located in bones or soft tissue masses metastasis called somatic nociceptive pain (bone cancer)
29
Define visceral pain
Associated with injuries or disorders that cause generalization or referred pain, deep, aching, cramping, and pressure type of pain
30
Define chronic pain
Pain consistent for three months or longer can be mild to severe pain or intensity
31
What are the essential steps and Data a nurse must collect when performing a pain assessment
1) needs to be qualitative and quantitative 2) detailed pain history, 3) signs and symptoms of pain or changes in behavior
32
What are the essential steps and data of a nurse must collect when performing a pain assessment on verbal and nonverbal patients
Verbal patients ask if they have any pain ask any questions versus nonverbal patients look in assess for cues of pain
33
Integrative approach to effective pain management
Individualized, comprehensive pain management plan, collect qualitative income, quantitative assessment of symptoms. Identify underlying causes or factors of pain ,goals need to be realistic and achievable.
34
Signs and symptoms of pain, other than verbal response
Agitation, grimacing, crying, moaning pacing
35
Nutritional suggestions to ease pain and inflammation
Individual within inflammatory condition should consider avoiding these foods, animal products, high fat dairy products, eggy, beef, fat, junk food, sugar
36
Foods to encourage
Green leafy veggies, omega-3 garlic, ginger, turmeric, red blue fruits, and flaxseed
37
Deficiency of what complex vitamin can contribute to
Pain (green leafy veggies)
38
Addressing risk associated with functional impairment
Cognitively, impaired individuals may not understand significance of symptoms, may lack the capability to avoid hazards, may be unable to communicate, needs and problems to others, visual defects, hearing impaired weakness, and fatigue
39
Nurses role
Assessment to determine how activities of daily living are affected interventions than planned
40
Step-by-step approach for pain management
START LOW & GO LOW 1) acetaminophen most commonly used with older adults for mild and moderate pain. First line treatment. 2) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen before moving into an opioid try another NSAID 3) opioids for moderate to severe pain first choice codeine, oxycodone hydrocodone
41
Negative effects
Nausea , constipation , urinary retention, itching , myoclonus = fast sudden muscle jerks or twitches, irregular breathing, cognitive dysfunction addiction