Unit 3 Flashcards
What dental changes affect nutrition in older adults?
Decreased chemical production, atrophy of digestive tissue, reduced signaling to tissues, and changes in tissue structure and function.
What is essential about calorie needs for older adults?
Older adults have a reduced need for calories but require the same amount of nutrients.
How does basal metabolic rate affect weight in aging patients?
Basal metabolic rate declines, contributing to weight gain when eating the same amount of calories as before; it decreases by 2% each decade of life after 25 years old.
What are the benefits of soluble fibers?
Soluble fibers lower serum cholesterol and improve glucose tolerance.
Found in oats and pectin.
What are the benefits of insoluble fibers?
Insoluble fibers promote bowel activity.
Found in grains, vegetables, and fruits.
What are the risks associated with a high-fat diet?
High fat intake is associated with risks of heart disease.
Client education regarding RDA of calcium intake and risk associated with taking too much calcium #1
Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium absorption ability is decreased with age
Client education regarding RDA of calcium intake and risk associated with taking too much calcium #2
Calcium intake no more than 2000 mg per day calcium minimum of 1000 mg per day to prevent osteoporosis
Client education regarding vitamin B deficiency
Piloerection (goosebumps) is indicative of a vitamin B deficiency
Nursing care and interventions to improve side effects related to pancreatitis & aspiration prevention
Pancreatitis avoid fried foods aspiration prevention sit in high Fowlers position while eating and 30 minutes after eating
Nursing care and interventions to improve side effects related to dysphasia, delayed gastric, emptying and concentrated urine
Dysphasia cut food into small bites no talking while eating check for pocketing of food, Sit in high Fowlers position;
Delayed gastric emptying slowly emptying time identify nausea and eat several small meals;
Concentrated urine administer fluid signs of dehydration.
Client education and recommendations related to nutritional supplements
Take note of what herbal supplement and dosage, frequency &potential side effects
Nursing considerations related to dehydration and overhydration
Dehydration can be life-threatening for older adult, sign, and symptoms dry or poor turgor, dry and brown tongue, sunken eye or cheek orbitals
Overhydration IVF hydration can lead to this signs of symptoms, edema, nausea, vomiting, excessive urination
Define insomnia
Inability to fall asleep, difficulty staying asleep & premature waking
Define nocturnal myoclonus
Condition characterized by at least five leg jerks or movement per hour of sleep
Define phase advance
Falling asleep earlier in the evening and awakening earlier in the morning comment among adults same amount of sleep, but hours shift
Define restless leg syndrome
Neurological disorder, characterized by uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lays down
Define central sleep apnea
Defect in central nervous system affecting diaphragm
Define obstructive sleep apnea
Blockage in upper airway interfering with normal airflow snores erratic breathing patterns may need cpap machine
Sleep stage one
Dozing off easily awakens
Sleep stage two
Deeper sleep, but easily awakened. Eye movement noted under eyelids.
Sleep stage one and two
Older people spend more time in stage one and two
How does alcohol or caffeine affect sleep?
Both disturb sleep
Different ways to promote better sleep
Bedtime, routines, warm, bass, restrict foods or fluids before bedtime, limit blue light, and only use sedatives if needed
Special considerations regarding sleep sedatives
Use with utmost care serious adverse reactions only use if absolutely needed
Define neuropathic pain
Occur occurs from abnormal processing of sensory stimuli by the central or peripheral nervous system
Define nocieptive pain
Arises from mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimuli
Define somatic pain
Located in bones or soft tissue masses metastasis called somatic nociceptive pain (bone cancer)
Define visceral pain
Associated with injuries or disorders that cause generalization or referred pain, deep, aching, cramping, and pressure type of pain
Define chronic pain
Pain consistent for three months or longer can be mild to severe pain or intensity
What are the essential steps and Data a nurse must collect when performing a pain assessment
1) needs to be qualitative and quantitative 2) detailed pain history, 3) signs and symptoms of pain or changes in behavior
What are the essential steps and data of a nurse must collect when performing a pain assessment on verbal and nonverbal patients
Verbal patients ask if they have any pain ask any questions versus nonverbal patients look in assess for cues of pain
Integrative approach to effective pain management
Individualized, comprehensive pain management plan, collect qualitative income, quantitative assessment of symptoms. Identify underlying causes or factors of pain ,goals need to be realistic and achievable.
Signs and symptoms of pain, other than verbal response
Agitation, grimacing, crying, moaning pacing
Nutritional suggestions to ease pain and inflammation
Individual within inflammatory condition should consider avoiding these foods, animal products, high fat dairy products, eggy, beef, fat, junk food, sugar
Foods to encourage
Green leafy veggies, omega-3 garlic, ginger, turmeric, red blue fruits, and flaxseed
Deficiency of what complex vitamin can contribute to
Pain (green leafy veggies)
Addressing risk associated with functional impairment
Cognitively, impaired individuals may not understand significance of symptoms, may lack the capability to avoid hazards, may be unable to communicate, needs and problems to others, visual defects, hearing impaired weakness, and fatigue
Nurses role
Assessment to determine how activities of daily living are affected interventions than planned
Step-by-step approach for pain management
START LOW & GO LOW
1) acetaminophen most commonly used with older adults for mild and moderate pain. First line treatment.
2) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen before moving into an opioid try another NSAID
3) opioids for moderate to severe pain first choice codeine, oxycodone hydrocodone
Negative effects
Nausea , constipation , urinary retention, itching , myoclonus = fast sudden muscle jerks or twitches, irregular breathing, cognitive dysfunction addiction
