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Gero > GERO Final > Flashcards

GERO Final Flashcards

Gero review is complete with all four reviews

1
Q

Define social security

A

Intended to supplement other sources of income but is how the MAIN source of income for older adults

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2
Q

Define medicare

A

Health insurance program for older adults

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3
Q

Define Federal old-age insurance law

A

1st significant step in improving the lives of older americans ; provided some financial security for the elderly

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4
Q

What should nurses consider when planning & developing care plans or programs for older population

A

Increasing diversity of this group means developing appropriate care plans should meet the needs of older population; optimal planning- includes both life expectancy the increasing % of people over the age 65 in the coming years

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5
Q

How does financial status of the older adults population influence their overall health & their lives?

A

“asset rich & cash poor”, High prevalence of home ownership % of older adults living below poverty level has declined to aid programs

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6
Q

Nurse Advocacy: how can nurses connect client with needed resources

A

if a pt cant afford supplies like a walker, refer them to social services

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7
Q

what phenomena about older women is different when compared to males

A

females are more likely to live longer & be widowed

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8
Q

What is the impact of chronic illness on the older population

A

Chronic illness is a major, leading cause of death. Hypertension is leading chronic condition; highest priority! other chronic conditions: High cholesterol, asthritis, diabetics, heart failure, depression, ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, COPD & alzheimers disease. dementia

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9
Q

Define Error theory of aging

A

genetic DNA mutations, causing organ decline as a result of self perpetuating cellular mutations

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10
Q

Define Biogerontology

A

the study of the connection between aging & disease

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11
Q

Define disengagement theory

A

Process of gradual disengagement between societys interepts & those of the indiviual interests (beneficial for both parties)

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12
Q

Define free radical theory

A

Oxidative metabolism & effects of free radicals; damage proteins, enzymes & DNA & replace normal processes: causes genetic disorder

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13
Q

Define Anatgnostic pieiotrophy

A

Accumulated & mutant genes that have NEGATIVE EFFECTS IN LATE LIFE, may have beneficial effects in early life but how harmful late in life

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14
Q

Define continuity theory

A

Personality & basic patterns of behavior will remain unchanged as the individual ages

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15
Q

Define activity theory of aging

A

older adults should continue a middle-aged lifestyle & should be treated as if they are still middle-aged adults

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16
Q

Define empowerment

A

To make informed decisions about health; leads to positive health outcomes

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17
Q

Tasks of EGO vs despair

A

Ego integrity- to accept & find meaning in life lived

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18
Q

Task of ego vs DESPAIR

A

Despair integrity- feelings of anger, bitterness, depression or inadequancey

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19
Q

Nurse role in discussing death & dying with older clients

A

Listen to pt & encourage to share their feelings

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20
Q

How dow a failing immune sx affect body sxs or overall health

A

Increases the incidence of cancer; body recognizes aged cells as foreign & attacks them

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21
Q

Define Ethnogeriatrics

A

the effects of ethnicity & culture on the health and well being of older adults

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22
Q

Developing culturally competant care

A

Nurses role: increase knowledge base about different cultures & ethnicities, practices, behavior & views; understanding cultural & ethnic differences help eradicate stereotypes & biases; recognization will increase appreciation for unique characteristics of each individual

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23
Q

what health issues should be considered when providing care for different ethnic groups & developing programs to increase positive health outcomes?

A

Black americans: hypertension, heart diease, cancer, diabetes, higher death rates from heart disease, stroke, asthma, cancer, flu, pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, homicide (higher risks. of smoking, obesity or cancer

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24
Q

what health issues should be considered when providing care for different ethnic groups & developing programs to increase positive health outcomes?

A

Asian americans: may not report pain; Hispanic americans: less likely to visit physician, more likely to have difficulty obtaining care; Native americans: high prevalance & risk in preventable diseases: stroke, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, cancer ,cirrohsis , chronic lower respiratory disease

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25
Q

Identify different ways to learn about cultural influences & ethnic diversity

A

Ensure cultural, religious, & sexual differences of older adults are understood, appreciated or respected; find ways to increase cultural competance; try to understand what cultural influences dictate a clients health care pracitces, needs & what is allowed/denied

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26
Q

Define Old age

A

A lot of things changing, this aging process requires stamina, ability & flexibility

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27
Q

Define widowhood:

A

loss of a spouse, alters family roles, adjustment to changes

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28
Q

Independent vs Depencdency

A

Older adults have fears associated with dependency illness or disability may cause them to loss their independence

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29
Q

The older adult & sexuality

A

Older adults still may be sexually active

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30
Q

Define preretirement:

A

preparation phase; planning; fantasy regarding retirement role

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31
Q

Define retirement

A

Belief that work is dues paid for being an active member of a productive society “honeymoon period”

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32
Q

Define Disenchantment

A

Persons whole identity or form of social interaction; significiant void is felt; a letdown or disappointment; depression

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33
Q

Body changes related to advanced aging & how they impact the body

A

shift in self concept, body image & roles; difficulty in acceptance of physical changes, things they could do before, they are not able to how; illness & disability, development of chronic disease

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34
Q

Is memory loss/ intelligence decline a normal process of aging?

A

No it is not

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35
Q

Family education regarding periods of solitude for older adults

A

Periods of solitude allows for life analysis for family concerns of parent being “alone/lonely”; reflection & understanding

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36
Q

How will one determine the emotional well-being & self concept of the client?

A

by what roles they accept & what roles they reject

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37
Q

Changes in the urinary body sx

A

reduced bladder capacity, frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, urinary incontience( not a normal part of aging)

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38
Q

Changes in the cells of body

A

Extracellular fluid remains constant, but intraceullular fluid decreases = less body fluid (risk for dehydration)

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39
Q

changes in the respiratory sx

A

Risk for aspiration, assessment: swallow test, lung sounds, cough/choking; loss of elasticity & increased rigidity in tissues, prescence of serous fluid in or around lung or tissues could indicate a pathologic process

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40
Q

Changes in the GI sx

A

Decreased esophageal motility (presbyesophagus, food remains in the esophagus longer); increased risk for aspriation, indigestion & constipation; tooth loss not normal part of the aging process, decreased stomach motility (peristalsis)

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41
Q

Changes in the immune sx

A

decrease immune response (immunosenescence), decreased serum activity of the thymic hormones; almost undectable in older adults; risk for INFECTION

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42
Q

changes in the musculoskeletal

A

kyphosis, increased risk for fractures & falls = reduced bone minerals & mass, diminished calcium, bones more brittle, most common in hip, spine & femur fractures; sarcopenia: age related loss of muscle mass

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43
Q

changes in sensory organs; auditory

A

presbycusis: progressive loss of hearing, changes in structures of inner eat

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44
Q

changes in sensory organs; vision

A

presbyopia: inability to focus on close objects clearly; catacts & glaucoma, night blindess (nyctalopia); Arcus Senilis: white, gray, or bluish ring around eye

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45
Q

Why is a digitial rectal exam important

A

prostate enlargement in men, risk of being malignant, follow up is vital

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46
Q

Define family centered care

A

this improves client & family outcomes by providing needed support and or resources

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47
Q

Define educator

A

share knowledge & skills related to care of older adults in all areas, use effective communication

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48
Q

Define advocate

A

aid individuals in asserting their rights & obtaining required services, facilitate communities or other groups efforts to effect change & achieve benefits & promote gerontological nursing

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49
Q

Define evidence based practice (EBP)

A

best practices aare evidence based & built on their expertise of the nurse

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50
Q

Define American Nurses Association (ANA)

A

the only set of standards developed by & for gerontological nurses, used as a guide to direct nursing care for this population

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51
Q

Nurses role as an educator

A

organize material before teaching, avoid medical jargon, speak on a level & language that is understandable & provide written materials to complement verbal instruction; should be able to address knowledge defecits & find out how much they know & teach from there

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52
Q

Define cost effective care

A

family inclusion “helping hands” treatment options & various resources ex family member feeding, dressing client

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53
Q

Holistic model of gerontological care

A

perform an assessment 1st, integration & quality of life, considers mind, body & spirit. considers a state of wholeness & considers the unique physiologic , psychiatric, social & spiritual challenges IN EVERY PHASE OF NURSING PROCESS

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54
Q

Nursing actions to promote inner resources for self care & attain optimal health & wholeness

A

eliminate/minimize selfcare limitations; provide direct services when demands can not be met independently; promote maximum independence for positive outcomes; evident by active participation in their own care on a regular basis; increasing autonomy & empowerment

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55
Q

Define coaching

A

to improve compliance & motivation

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56
Q

define education

A

for understanding; knowledge deficit

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57
Q

define coordination

A

multidisiplinary care from entire health care team

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58
Q

Define empowerment

A

involving client in their care; needed any time a care plan is developed, need responsible & active participants in their care

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59
Q

Define prescence

A

giving patients full, undivided attention, actively listen, protect interactions with patients from distractions

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60
Q

define availability

A

provide time & space for patients to express, explore & experiences, convey openness & interest, allow patient a safe space

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61
Q

Willingness to form connections

A

offer insights, commitments to learning & engage with openness, respect, acceptance & nonjudgemental attitude

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62
Q

Modeling holism

A

Starts with good self care practice, attentive & physical emotional spiritual well being, behave as you desire others to behave

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63
Q

inner resources & empowerment

A

meet lifes challenges, need inner resources to meet self care needs; active client participation on a regular basis, empowerment, promotes normalcy, independence & individuality

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64
Q

What is the goal of gerontological nursing What does that mean?

A

Goal is to address maximize the quality of life when one possess an incurable illness or disability. This means to help the older adult transition to death with comfort, peace, and dignity as death approaches

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65
Q

Define consent

A

granting permission to have an action taken or procedure performed

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66
Q

define durable power or attorney

A

allows competent individuals to appoint someone to make decisions on their behalf if they become incompetent

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67
Q

define privacy legislation

A

law protects the clients rights & confidentiality & health information from being released without their consent

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68
Q

define negligence

A

failure to conform to the standard of care by nurses actions

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69
Q

define standard of care

A

the normal for what a reasonable indivudal in a similar circumstance would do

70
Q

define malpractice

A

deviation from standard of care

71
Q

Define living will

A

Written, legal document that states what the client will or would not use to save their life

72
Q

Define DNR

A

Do Not Resuscitate, do not bring back to alive; needs a medical order and consent

73
Q

where do nurses go for guidance when there is an ethical decision to make or a conflict of interests

A

follow nursing board guidelines; follow institutional policies & procedures

74
Q

Define elder abuse

A

can be physical, emotional or psychological, sexual abuse, exploitation, neglect, abandoment or self neglect; nurses have legal responsibility to report abuse and ensure client safety

75
Q

Define doctrine of respondent supervisor

A

nurses can be help liable for the actions of (UAP) persons under their supervision, may not directly go to DON/manager

76
Q

Define Scope of pracitce

A

Things you can and cannot do, ex performing an act/duty despite of lacking education or experience which can lead to negligence

77
Q

Define assault

A

A deliberate threat to harm

78
Q

Define invasion of privacy

A

publicity of health info; unlawful release to an unauthorized person

79
Q

define larceny

A

theft

80
Q

Restraints

A

anything restricting movement; a cause for litigation for false imprisonment/negligence; alternatives to restraints should be considered & used 1st (bed alarm, increased staff & direct supervison); should be used for conveince of staff

81
Q

Telephone orders

A

to minimize risks when taking phone orders: have physicals follow up with a written order, read back order to verify & obtain physican signature within 24 hrs

82
Q

What dental changes affect nutrition in older adults?

A

Decreased chemical production, atrophy of digestive tissue, reduced signaling to tissues, and changes in tissue structure and function.

83
Q

What is essential about calorie needs for older adults?

A

Older adults have a reduced need for calories but require the same amount of nutrients.

84
Q

How does basal metabolic rate affect weight in aging patients?

A

Basal metabolic rate declines, contributing to weight gain when eating the same amount of calories as before; it decreases by 2% each decade of life after 25 years old.

85
Q

What are the benefits of soluble fibers?

A

Soluble fibers lower serum cholesterol and improve glucose tolerance.

Found in oats and pectin.

86
Q

What are the benefits of insoluble fibers?

A

Insoluble fibers promote bowel activity.

Found in grains, vegetables, and fruits.

87
Q

What are the risks associated with a high-fat diet?

A

High fat intake is associated with risks of heart disease.

88
Q

Client education regarding RDA of calcium intake and risk associated with taking too much calcium #1

A

Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium absorption ability is decreased with age

89
Q

Client education regarding RDA of calcium intake and risk associated with taking too much calcium #2

A

Calcium intake no more than 2000 mg per day calcium minimum of 1000 mg per day to prevent osteoporosis

90
Q

Client education regarding vitamin B deficiency

A

Piloerection (goosebumps) is indicative of a vitamin B deficiency

91
Q

Nursing care and interventions to improve side effects related to pancreatitis & aspiration prevention

A

Pancreatitis avoid fried foods aspiration prevention sit in high Fowlers position while eating and 30 minutes after eating

92
Q

Nursing care and interventions to improve side effects related to dysphasia, delayed gastric, emptying and concentrated urine

A

Dysphasia cut food into small bites no talking while eating check for pocketing of food, Sit in high Fowlers position;
Delayed gastric emptying slowly emptying time identify nausea and eat several small meals;
Concentrated urine administer fluid signs of dehydration.

93
Q

Client education and recommendations related to nutritional supplements

A

Take note of what herbal supplement and dosage, frequency &potential side effects

94
Q

Nursing considerations related to dehydration and overhydration

A

Dehydration can be life-threatening for older adult, sign, and symptoms dry or poor turgor, dry and brown tongue, sunken eye or cheek orbitals
Overhydration IVF hydration can lead to this signs of symptoms, edema, nausea, vomiting, excessive urination

95
Q

Define insomnia

A

Inability to fall asleep, difficulty staying asleep & premature waking

96
Q

Define nocturnal myoclonus

A

Condition characterized by at least five leg jerks or movement per hour of sleep

97
Q

Define phase advance

A

Falling asleep earlier in the evening and awakening earlier in the morning comment among adults same amount of sleep, but hours shift

98
Q

Define restless leg syndrome

A

Neurological disorder, characterized by uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lays down

99
Q

Define central sleep apnea

A

Defect in central nervous system affecting diaphragm

100
Q

Define obstructive sleep apnea

A

Blockage in upper airway interfering with normal airflow snores erratic breathing patterns may need cpap machine

101
Q

Sleep stage one

A

Dozing off easily

102
Q

Sleep stage two

A

Deeper sleep, but easily awakened. Eye movement noted under eyelids.

103
Q

Sleep stage one and two

A

Older people spend more time in stage one and two

104
Q

How does alcohol or caffeine affect sleep?

A

Both disturb sleep

105
Q

Different ways to promote better sleep

A

Bedtime, routines, warm, bass, restrict foods or fluids before bedtime, limit blue light, and only use sedatives if needed`

106
Q

Special considerations regarding sleep sedatives

A

Use with utmost care serious adverse reactions only use if absolutely needed

107
Q

Define neuropathic pain

A

Occur occurs from abnormal processing of sensory stimuli by the central or peripheral nervous system

108
Q

Define nocieptive pain

A

Arises from mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimuli

109
Q

Define somatic pain

A

Located in bones or soft tissue masses metastasis called somatic nociceptive pain (bone cancer)

110
Q

Define visceral pain

A

Associated with injuries or disorders that cause generalization or referred pain, deep, aching, cramping, and pressure type of pain

111
Q

Define chronic pain

A

Pain consistent for three months or longer can be mild to severe pain or intensity

112
Q

What are the essential steps and Data a nurse must collect when performing a pain assessment

A

1) needs to be qualitative and quantitative 2) detailed pain history, 3) signs and symptoms of pain or changes in behavior

113
Q

What are the essential steps and data of a nurse must collect when performing a pain assessment on verbal and nonverbal patients

A

Verbal patients ask if they have any pain ask any questions versus nonverbal patients look in assess for cues of pain

114
Q

Integrative approach to effective pain management

A

Individualized, comprehensive pain management plan, collect qualitative income, quantitative assessment of symptoms. Identify underlying causes or factors of pain ,goals need to be realistic and achievable.

115
Q

Signs and symptoms of pain, other than verbal response

A

Agitation, grimacing, crying, moaning pacing

116
Q

Nutritional suggestions to ease pain and inflammation

A

Individual within inflammatory condition should consider avoiding these foods, animal products, high fat dairy products, eggy, beef, fat, junk food, sugar

117
Q

Foods to encourage

A

Green leafy veggies, omega-3 garlic, ginger, turmeric, red blue fruits, and flaxseed

118
Q

Deficiency of what complex vitamin can contribute to

A

Pain (green leafy veggies)

119
Q

Addressing risk associated with functional impairment

A

Cognitively, impaired individuals may not understand significance of symptoms, may lack the capability to avoid hazards, may be unable to communicate, needs and problems to others, visual defects, hearing impaired weakness, and fatigue

120
Q

Nurses role

A

Assessment to determine how activities of daily living are affected interventions than planned

121
Q

Step-by-step approach for pain management

A

START LOW & GO LOW
1) acetaminophen most commonly used with older adults for mild and moderate pain. First line treatment.
2) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen before moving into an opioid try another NSAID
3) opioids for moderate to severe pain first choice codeine, oxycodone hydrocodone

122
Q

Negative effects

A

Nausea , constipation , urinary retention, itching , myoclonus = fast sudden muscle jerks or twitches, irregular breathing, cognitive dysfunction addiction

123
Q
A
124
Q
A
125
Q

Define & describe Solitude

A

Alone time; time of inactivity; therapeutic to the older adult; include periods of solitude in the care plan

126
Q

Define & describe Gratitude

A

Appreciative; sense of thankfulness & positivity; focus on what one has opposed to what they do not have

127
Q

Define & describe Transcendence

A

A reality beyond oneself; makes sense of circumstances

128
Q

Identifying/Acknowledging the importance of spirtuality for aging clients #1

A

Concept or philosophy of spirituality; comfort in knowing connection greater than self

129
Q

Describe Eriksons sense of integrity (final G&D task)

A

Life experiences have meaning & sense of purpose

130
Q

Identifying/Acknowledging the importance of spirtuality for aging clients #1

A

Foster holistic care;
Faith beliefs & practices (Ask “is there anything or practice that can bring you comfort)

131
Q

Nurse role: Assessment of spiritual needs & how to support clients #2

A

Affiliation with faith community;
are spiritual needs met?

132
Q

Nurse role: Assisting in discovering meaning in challenging sitituations

A

express an open & nonjudgemental attitude

133
Q

Nurse role: be familiar with steps to assist & facilitate religious practices or behaviors

A

Contact clergy for confession; allow pt to display religious articles & ensure safe care of these articles

134
Q

Nurse role: noted spiritual distress

A

Red flags- depression, flat affect, crying (Offer help & honor clients wishes)

135
Q

Praying with & for

A

Positive link between health &. healing & prayer; offer prayer, hold their hand(if nurse doesn’t feel comfortable find a coworker so they can pray for pt)

136
Q

Performing a sexual health assessment on the aging client

A

Perform a sexual health assessment; ask permission to ask questions (increase knowledge, promote understanding)

137
Q

Be familiar with medications that contribute to a lack of sexual interest & an example

A

-Prescribed medications
-otc’s
-herbal & alternatives
(ex antidepressants- decrease libido)

138
Q

Be familiar with medical conditions that contribute to a lack of sexual interest & an example

A

Review medical health for health conditions that interfere with sexual function (Ex. diabetics- causes ED, diuretics- diminish sexual function

139
Q

Hormone therapy for the menopausal woman

A

-Age @ the start of HRT altus risk, risk benefit ratio <60 yrs within 10 yrs of menopause , individualized treatment; based on age; time since menopause

140
Q

Identifying barriers to sexual activities for the aging male #1

A

-unavailability of a partner(most older men are married, most older women are widowed)

141
Q

Identifying barriers to sexual activities for the aging male #2

A

Psychological barriers
- fear of losing sexual abilities, concern about body image, relationship issues
-Key concept: many may suppress sexual needs rather than deal with stresses of establishing new relationships

142
Q

Be familiar with how medications affect sexual activity (women)

A

Decreased level of estrogen, virginity, prolapsed, uterus, cystocele

143
Q

Be familiar with how medications affect sexual activity (men)

A

Prostatisis, infections of genitalia, arterischolsis

144
Q

Name some non-drug treatment modalities to prevent sexual activity barriers #2

A

Physical Health – Encourage exercise, good nutrition, and weight management.
Adaptations – Suggest positions, lubricants, or techniques for physical limitations.

145
Q

Name some non-drug treatment modalities to prevent sexual activity barriers #3

A

Emotional Connection – Promote non-sexual intimacy like cuddling or massage.
Assistive Devices – Recommend aids (e.g., glasses, hearing aids) if needed.

146
Q

Be familiar with how medications affect sexual activity (both sexes)

A

Cardiovasculor & respiratory disease, arthritis, diabetics, stroke & alcoholism

147
Q

Impotence also known as

A

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

148
Q

Changes due to andropause

A

ED, Reduced libido, Breast enlargement, emotional/cognitive changes, osteopenia/osteoporosis(higher risk for chronic renal disease; type 2 diabetes)

149
Q

Medication adverse effects (can affect potency, libido, orgasm & ejaculation)

A

-antianxiety/ bensodiazepines
-antidepressants
-antihistimines, antihypertensive, diuretics

150
Q

Be familiar with how some medical conditions can affect sexual activity

A

Review how medications for these conditions (e.g., antihypertensives, antidepressants) might affect libido or sexual performance.

151
Q

Name some non-drug treatment modalities to prevent sexual activity barriers #1

A

Education – Teach about normal aging changes and promote open communication.
Comfort – Create a private, relaxing environment.
Counseling – Address emotional concerns like anxiety or depression.

152
Q

Define Frailty

A

condition where person has poor endurance and weakness

153
Q

Define Disability

A

inability to perform activities normally

154
Q

Define Rehabilitative care

A

Therapies developed by physicians and therapists focused on returning individuals to their previous level of function

155
Q

Define Restorative care

A

care that assists people in maintaining or improving current level of function, avoiding decline & complications and achieving highest possible quality of life

156
Q

Define ADLs

A

activities of daily living: toileting, feeding, dressing, grooming, bathing and ambulation

157
Q

What is the main focus of care when dealing with the significance and prevalence of chronic conditions that lead to frailty & disability

A

saving lives, preserving quality of life, focus on function not dysfunction

158
Q

what would the nurse emphasize & identify key concepts the lead to frailty & disability

A

to maximize self care capabilities, remind the client what they still have; continue to treat them as a responsible individual

159
Q

identifying s/s of frailty (s/s)

A

s/s: poor endurance, fatigue, low activity levels, inactivity, reduced speed in ambulations, weak grip strength, heightened risk of adverse outcomes; slow recovery for infection (injury: psychosocial stresses; other stressors)

160
Q

Describe the nurses role regarding & assessment of frailty

A

A review of body systems & s/s of frailtyment, interventions aiimed at postponing frailty & improving self care

161
Q

Identify examples of nurse guided interventions to prevent or postpone fraitly

A

ex muscle strengthening excercises, correct weight loss, improved nutrition

162
Q

Identify the priority goal of rehabilitative care

A

improvement of functional capacity, ensuring the return of previous level functioning, promotes sense of well-being

163
Q

identify the key concepts of rehabilitative care

A

emphasize function rather than dysfunction; ex skilled rehab care involves physical, occupational & speech therapies; lack of financial reimbursement limits options for some individuals

164
Q

Name 2 recommendations associated with range of motion

A

1) all joints should be put through full ROM at least once a day
2) most important is joint movement

165
Q

identify signs that warrant stopping an exercise

A

-Resting heart rate ≥100 beats/min
-Exercise heart rate ≥35% above resting heart rate
-Increase/decrease in systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg
-Angina
-Dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis
-Dizziness, poor coordination
-Diaphoresis
-Acute confusion, restlessness

166
Q

Define Hypoxia

A

condition in which the body’s tissues don’t receive enough oxygen

167
Q

define UTI

A

a bacterial infection that occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply

168
Q

Identify recommendations regarding urinary catheter insertion

A

avoidance of urinary cath. if possible, foley insertion only when necessary. Increases risk for inection; uti

169
Q

Be familiar with preoperative considerations - preoperative assessment & provide example #1

A

-Review of medications: Patient may not have informed health care provider of all medications, OTC, or herbal preparations—Always review meds
-Preoperative screening completed

170
Q

Be familiar with preoperative considerations - preoperative assessment & provide example #2

A

-Provide appropriate padding if needed: Reduce post-op muscle & bone soreness
-Promote infection control: Reduce incidence nosocomial infections
-Ensure informed consent has been obtained

171
Q

Describe factors responsible for the high risk of infection in older adults #1

A

Atypical presentation of symptoms: infection- any abrupt, unexplained change in physical or mental function

172
Q

Describe factors responsible for the high risk of infection in older adults #2

A

Driven by age-related changes:
- altered antigen-antibody response
-Decreased respiratory activity; reduced ability to expel secretions from lungs
-Weaker bladder muscles:urinary retention; prostatic hypertrophy; increased alkalinity of vaginal secretions
-Increased fragility of the skin & mucous membrane

Gero (3 decks)

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