Unit 3

Question 1

Conclusions or inferences we make about people based on their group membership, such as race, religion, age, or gender

Answer 1

Stereotype (belief)

Question 2

Holding hostile or negative attitudes toward an individual or group

Answer 2

Prejudice (attitude)

Question 3

Showing favoritism or hostility to others because of their affiliation with a group

Answer 3

Discrimination (behavior)

Question 4

An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race

Answer 4

Racism

Question 5

Simultaneously holding egalitarian values and negative feelings toward minorities

Answer 5

Aversive Racism

Question 6

The act of placing objects into meaningful groups

Answer 6

Categorization

Question 7

Tendency to exaggerate differences between groups

Answer 7

Accentuation Effect

Question 8

The assumption that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another

Answer 8

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

Question 9

Perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists

Answer 9

Illusory Correlation

Question 10

The co-occurrence of two distinct events makes the relationship between those events seem stronger than it is

Answer 10

Implication

Question 11

Part of self-concept based on identification with group(s)

Answer 11

Social Identity

Question 12

People who belong to the same group or category as we do; “us”

Answer 12

Ingroup

Question 13

People who belong to a different group or category than we do; “them”

Answer 13

Outgroup

Question 14

People who socially identify with group derive self-esteem in part from group membership

Answer 14

Social Identity Theory

Question 15

People may learn to automatically associate certain groups with fear or other negative emotions

Answer 15

Classical Conditioning

Question 16

People who are reinforced (rewarded) for prejudiced attitudes will strengthen those attitudes

Answer 16

Operant Conditioning

Question 17

People often copy the prejudiced behavior of others such as peers or parents

Answer 17

Observational Learning

Question 18

Interaction between groups will reduce prejudice if optimal conditions are met

Answer 18

Intergroup Contact Hypothesis

Question 19

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Answer 19

Aggression

Question 20

Hurting someone else’s body

Answer 20

Physical Aggression

Question 21

Hurting someone else’s feeling or threatening their relationships

Answer 21

Relational Aggression

Question 22

“hot”, impulsive, angry behavior motivated by a desire to harm someone

Answer 22

Hostile Aggression

Question 23

“cold”, premeditated, calculated, harmful behavior that is a means to some practical or material end

Answer 23

Instrumental Aggression

Question 24

The sex with the higher minimum obligatory investment in offspring will be choosier when selecting a mate

Answer 24

Parental Investment Theory

Question 25

Behavior is learned by observing others being rewarded or punished for the behavior

Answer 25

Social Learning Theory

Question 26

Method for statistically combining the results of multiple studies

Answer 26

Meta-analysis

Question 27

Desire to approach someone or get to know them more

Answer 27

Attraction

Question 28

We like people who are near to us because they are familiar

Answer 28

Proximity

Question 29

We like others who are similar to us

Answer 29

Similarity

Question 30

We like others who like us

Answer 30

Reciprocity

Question 31

Feeling of depravation and unsatisfaction with social ties

Answer 31

Loneliness

Question 32

Lacking a network of friends/acquaintances

Answer 32

Social loneliness

Question 33

Lacking a single close relationship with emotional support

Answer 33

Emotional Loneliness

Question 34

The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs

Answer 34

Social Exchange Theory

Question 35

The idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection (to enhance the survival of mutually shared gene)

Answer 35

Kin Selection

Question 36

The finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders

Answer 36

Bystander Effect

Question 37

Psychological arousal and sexual attraction

Answer 37

Passion

Question 38

Feelings of closeness, sharing support, and mutual concern

Answer 38

Intimacy