Unit 2

Question 1

Genetic differences that affect traits

Answer 1

Variation

Question 2

Genes that can be passed down to offspring

Answer 2

Inheritance

Question 3

Genes that help survival become more common in the gene pool, whereas genes that hinder survival slowly start to disappear

Answer 3

Natural Selection

Question 4

Even if a gene threatens survival, it will be selected for as long as it helps reproduction

Answer 4

Sexual Selection

Question 5

Genes selected for because they make one attractive to the opposite sex

Answer 5

Intersexual Selection

Question 6

Genes selected for because they enhance competitiveness with same sex rivals

Answer 6

Intrasexual Selection

Question 7

Some people have more offspring than others, and therefore pass on more of their genes

Answer 7

Differential Reproductive Success

Question 8

The sex with the high minimum obligatory investment in offspring will be choosier when selecting a mate

Answer 8

Parental Investment Theory

Question 9

An approach examining how social interactions and culture influence behavior and mental processes

Answer 9

Sociocultural Perspective

Question 10

The enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Answer 10

Culture

Question 11

Standards for accepted and expected behavior

Answer 11

Social Norms

Question 12

A set of behavior expectations for males and females

Answer 12

Gender Roles

Question 13

Discrepancy between women’s ability and achievement

Answer 13

Achievement-ability-gap

Question 14

Women work and then do majority of the housework and childcare at home

Answer 14

The Second Shift

Question 15

The tendency to modify behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others

Answer 15

Conformity

Question 16

Conforming to be liked and to achieve acceptance

Answer 16

Normative Social Influence

Question 17

Conforming to be correct

Answer 17

Informational Social Influence

Question 18

Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure

Answer 18

Obedience

Question 19

Intentionally trying to make people change their attitudes and beliefs, which may lead to changes in their behavior

Answer 19

Persuasion

Question 20

Relies on controlled processing and elaboration

Answer 20

Central Route

Question 21

Relies on automatic processing and heuristics

Answer 21

Peripheral Route

Question 22

Influence technique in which one starts with an inflated request and then retreats to a smaller request that appears to be a concession

Answer 22

Door-in-the-face Technique

Question 23

Influence technique in which one first makes an inflated request, but before the person can answer yes or no, sweetens the deal by offering a discount or bonus

Answer 23

That’s-not-all Technique

Question 24

Influence technique in which one starts with a small request in order to gain eventual compliance with a larger request

Answer 24

Foot-in-the-door Technique

Question 25

Influence technique in which one first gets a person to comply with a seemingly low-cost request and only later reveals hidden additional costs

Answer 25

Low-ball Technique

Question 26

Influence technique in which one tells people that an item is in short supply

Answer 26

Limited-number Technique

Question 27

Influence technique in which one tells people that an item or price is only available for a limited time

Answer 27

Fast-approaching-deadline Technique

Question 28

Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as “us”

Answer 28

Group

Question 29

The implicit or explicit rules a group has for acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of it is members

Answer 29

Social Norms

Question 30

Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave

Answer 30

Social Roles

Question 31

The strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others

Answer 31

Social Facilitation

Question 32

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable

Answer 32

Social Loafing

Question 33

Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; loosens normal constraints on behavior

Answer 33

Deindividuation

Question 34

A self-concious state in which attention focuses on oneself and it makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions

Answer 34

Self-Awareness

Question 35

Tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial leaning of its members

Answer 35

Group Polarization

Question 36

Groups tend to discuss ideas that support the dominant viewpoint, and this can lead to persuasion

Answer 36

Informational Social Influence

Question 37

We may express stronger opinions after discovering that others share our views to achieve acceptance

Answer 37

Normative Social Influence

Question 38

Cohesive groups may emphasize consensus and agreement at the expense of critical thinking

Answer 38

Groupthink