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Geo > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of precipitation

A

Relief, Convecitonal, and Cyclonic

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2
Q

What is relief precipitation

A

Warm moist air is pushed up over the mountains by the wind. Air cools and condenses forming clouds. This leads to a lot of precipitation on the Pacific side of the mountain, but a rain shadow on the Alberta side of the mountain. BC and AB

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3
Q

What is convectional precipitation

A

The sun heats the ground, the air above the ground is heated and rises. Clouds will be created and continue to build throughout the day until the end of the day when a rainstorm will occcur.

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4
Q

Cyclonic precipitation

A

Warm front: warm air is slowly pushed up over the cold air and a light steady rain falls.

Cold air: cold air pushes the warm air up quickly up into the atmosphere and a heavy rain falls.

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5
Q

Who came up with the theory of Pangea and continental drift

A

Alfred Wegener

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6
Q

Who came up with the theory of plate tectonics

A

J. Tuzo Wilson

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7
Q

Who came up with the theory of evolution

A

Charles Darwin

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8
Q

What is the plate tectonic theory

A

The theory that the lithosphere (earths outermost layer) is divided into continent sized plates that are constantly moving

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9
Q

________________ are where plates meet

A

Boundaries

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries

A

Convergent: when plates collide
Transform: where plates slide past each other
Divergent: where plates move apart

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11
Q

What type of things are a result of convergent boundaries colliding

A

Volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes

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12
Q

What are results of transform boundaries sliding past

A

Earthquakes and tsunamis

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13
Q

What are the results of divergent boundaries separating

A

Fissures, cracks, rifts in the surface, and seafloor spreading on the ocean floor

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14
Q

What is glaciation

A

movement of glaciers over the surface of the earth.

As glaciers move across a landscape, they alter the terrain and carve out unique formations. This process is called glaciation, and it is responsible for many of the most recognizable landscapes on Earth

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15
Q

What are the 4 layers of earth

A

Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core

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16
Q

What’s the crust made up of

A

Solid rock, mostly basalt and granite. There are continental and oceanic crust

17
Q

What’s the mantle made up of

A

Hot, dense, iron and magnesium-rich solid rock. The crust and the upper part of the mantle make up the lithosphere, which make up the tectonic plates.

18
Q

What’s the outer core made up of

A

Liquid nickel, iron and molten rock. This liquid churns in huge turbulent currents. That motion generates electrical currents.

19
Q

What’s the inner core made up of

A

Iron and nickel very densely compacted. Very hot

20
Q

What are the factors that affect climate

A

Latitude - distance from the equator
Ocean currents - temp of the ocean current
Winds and air masses - air is moved by wind and brings the temp and moisture within it
Elevation - the higher you go the cooler
Relief - mountain barriers block the prevailing wind. creates wet conditions on the windward side
Nearness to water - near a large body of water, conditions are wetter.

21
Q

What type of rocks are there

A

Metamorphic, Sedimentary, and Igneous

22
Q

How is igneous rock formed?

A

Cooling and solidification of molten rock. There are intrusive and extrusive types of igneous rock.

Intrusive: Plutonic (undergroud) - Granite
Extrusive: Volcanic (surface) - Lava, Pumice

23
Q

How is sedimentary rock formed?

A

Igneous or metamorphic rock that was eroded by wind, water, and ice.

Tiny peices of igneous rock that was eroded by wind, water, and ice
Mixed with sand/silt on ocean floor
Pressure from overlying sediments transforms the fragments into solid (but brittle) rock

EG. Sandstone, Limestone, Coal

24
Q

How is metamorphic rock formed

A

Heat + Pressure. Found in the Canadian Shield

EG. Gold, silver, copper

25
Q

How does precipitation occur

A

As air rises it cools
As air cools, clouds form and precipitation occurs

26
Q

What is precipitation

A

Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls to Earth

27
Q

Characteristics of maritime climate EG. Vancouver, BC

A

Temperature
- Cooler monthly temperatures during the summer month
- Winter tends to be cool not cold
- Temp range is < 25 degrees
Precipitation
- Lots of precipitation throughout the entire year
- Most of it falls during the winter months
- Annual precipitation > 1000mm

28
Q

Characteristics of continental climate EG. Toronto

A

Temperature
- Summer months tend to be warm to hot
- Winter months tend to be cold to very cold
- Temp range is > 25 degrees
Precipitation
- Receives significantly less precipitation throughout the year
- Most of the precipitation falls during the summer months
- Annual precipitation is < 1000mm

29
Q

Explain extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks

A

Extrusive: Magma cooling on the surface of the earth
Intrusive: Magma cooling in the crust of the earth

30
Q

What is weathering?

A

The process of breaking down rocks by water, wind, chemicals, and living things.

31
Q

What is erosion?

A

The process of moving the broken up peices of rock. For example, rivers move rock and soil particles

32
Q

What is deposition?

A

The process of the eroded materials building up in a new location. An example is the creation of a delta in the sea at the mouth of a river.

33
Q

What are the 4 proofs of continental drift

A

Jigsaw fit of the continents
Fossil evidence
Geological evidence
Climate evidence

34
Q

What is a climate graph

A

A line + bar graph that measures the precipitation and temperature of a certain region over a period of time.

35
Q

How many landform regions are there

A

7

36
Q

What are the landform regions

A

Western cordillera
Interior plains
Canadian Shield
Hudson Bay lowlands
Appalachian highlands
Great Lakes - St. Lawrence
Innuitian mountains

37
Q

Canadian Sheild and important factors

A

Located in eastern and central Canada
Contains igneous and metamorphic rock
Small lakes, large mountains, thin layers of soil
Rich in natural resources, minerals, forests, and freshwater
Skiing, Hiking
Largest and oldest

38
Q

GL-SL and important factors

A

Sedimentary rock
Flat, low, with lots of hills
Smallest but most populated region (60%)
Supplies maple syrup
Great for farming
Heavily used international trade route
Industry depends on the health of the Great Lakes

39
Q

Appalachian region (highlands)

A

Sedimentary rock
Coal copper silver salt gypsum
Waterfalls, streams, springs, and rivers
Oldest mountain range

Geo (3 decks)

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