Unit 2 Flashcards
Define demography
The study of populations, numbers, distribution, trends, and issues
What is a dependency load
The part of the population that needs to be supported. 0-14 and 65+
What is a population pyramid
A paired horizontal bar graph with females on the right, males on the left, kids on the bottom and elders on the top
Baby boomers?
1946 - 1965
Gen X?
1966 - 1980
Millennials
1981 - 1996
Gen Z
1997 - 2012
Gen Alpha
2013 - 2021
What does the demographic transition model measure
Natural increase rate (BR - DR)
What’s a birth rate
Yearly # of live births per 1000 people
What’s a death rate
Yearly # of deaths per 1000 people
What’s a natural increase rate
Difference between the birth rate and death rate (BR - DR)
Immigrate definition
To move permanently to a country other than your own native country
Immigration rate
of new Canadians who have immigrated here from another country per 1000 of Canada’s population
Emmigrate definition
To leave your country of origin to live elsewhere
What is the net migration rate
Immigration rate - emigration rate
Emmigration rate
Yearly number of people per 1000 who move elsewhere
Population growth rate
Natural increase rate + net migration
Baby boom
The large rise in the birth rate in the late 1940s and 1950s experienced by many countries in Europe and North America
Doubling time?
How long it would take for a country’s population to double at that country’s current rate of population growth
Population density
Population / area of region
Population pyramid
Pattern showing where people live in an area
Push factor
These push people away and make them want to leave. For example: pollution, war, weather, dull social life, natural disasters, and famine.
Pull factor
People move to a place because there are things that are attractive, these are called Pull Factors. For example: great weather, good housing, lively social life, promise of freedom.
Why are people attracted to Canada?
Multiculturalism, religion, entertainment
What problems might an immigrant have adjusting to a new country
Cultural shock, stereotyping, language barriers, education, adjusting to new cuisine
3 types of immigrants
Independent immigrant, family immigrant, refugees
What is urban growth
The rate of growth of an urban population
Periods of high immigration
1905 - 1914 when Canadian government promised free land in the prairies
6 major land use groups
Residential, Transportation, Institutional, Open space/Recreational land, Industrial, Commercial
Which of the 6 major land groups occupies the most space
Residential (takes up 40%)
How much space does transportation take up
32%
Examples of an institutional building
Schools, hospitals, churches, etc.
Why is counter urbanization happening
People want safety, remote working is popular, cheaper houses, bigger properties
What is the demographic transition model for
Populations change over time in a predictable manner as they become more industrialized
Describe Stage 1 of the DTM
Low growth/NIR, high births and deaths so they cancel out, unstable stage
Describe stage 2 of the DTM
High growth, high birth and low deaths, Industrial Revolution and medical revolution causes low death. Cultural lag, vaccines, and other factors.
Describe stage 3 of the DTM
Decreasing NIR, death continues to go down while birth starts to decline as well. Urbanization, no more cultural lag, economic changes, etc. NIR is moderate instead of high
Describe stage 4 of the DTM
Low/no growth, BR is low, DR is low, (cancels out) NIR is low. Urbanization continues, women have more opportunities.
Describe stage 5 of the DTM
Negative NIR. The deaths start to go up again while births remain the same, which causes a negative NIR. Elderly support ratio, government policies.
When did Chinese and Indians start coming to Canada and why.
2010 because of Pierre Trudeau making a multiculturalism bill
NGO
A private non-profit organization that works to achieve particular social, environmental, or political goals. Ex. Red Cross, unicef, plumpy nut
Population implosion
Rapid decline in population
Urban sprawl
Unplanned rapid expansion of cities. Buildings and roads are spread apart
