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BIOL 373 > unit 3 > Flashcards

unit 3 Flashcards

STUDY

1
Q

Thermoreceptors respond to

A

temp

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2
Q

photoreceptors respond to

A

light

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3
Q

true or false? an adequate stimulus is a type of energy that responds best?

A

true

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4
Q

true or false motor sensory neurons have receptive fields

A

true

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5
Q

in sensory neurons at least ______ afferent neurons in pathway to the brain.

what are they?

A

TWO

  • first order (primary) neuron –> directly associated w/ stimuli
  • second order (secondary) neuron –> relays info from first neuron
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6
Q

true or false the more primary sensory neurons the less chance of an AP (action potential)

A

false more opportunity of AP

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7
Q

convergence allows __________ of multiple ___________
> creates ______ _________ _________

A
  • convergence allows summation of multiple stimuli
  • creates larger receptive fields
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8
Q

convergence means –> no ___– _____ _______

A

2 point discrimination

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9
Q

convergence = loss of?

A

loss of resolution –> and when teacher uses resolution she means 2-point discrimination

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10
Q

smaller receptive fields are better for?

A

two-point discrimination

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11
Q

two stimuli fall within the same receptive field =

A

convergence, larger receptive fields

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12
Q

two stimuli activate separate pathways to the brain and are perceived as distinct stimuli =?

A

smaller receptive fields

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13
Q

why are we able to read braille?

A

due to the fact that our fingers have small receptive fields and that they allow for better 2-point discrimination. and allow for two stimuli to activate separate pathways

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14
Q

true or false? more sensory pathways project to the thalamus?

A

true

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15
Q

somatic senses go to appropriate cortex after _______

A

processing in thalamus

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16
Q

this is an example of _____________ sensory information?

  1. mostly integrated in brain stem and spinal cord
  2. doesn’t usually reach consciousness

what are some examples?

A

visceral sensory info

  • gi tract
  • BP
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17
Q

the CNS must be able to decode what for distinguishing different sensations

A
  1. type of stimulus –> modality?
  2. location –> where in body?
  3. intensity–> how hard?
  4. duration –> when did it start/stop
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18
Q

sensory modality is determined by?

A

type of neuron activated and where pathway terminates in brain

“LABELLED LINE CODING”

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19
Q

Lateral inhibition enhances _______ and improves ______________ _______________

A

enhances contrast and improves stimulus localization

20
Q

what does lateral inhibition do?

A
  • enhances contrast and makes a stimulus easier to perceive
  • inhibition of lateral neurons enhances perception of stimulus
21
Q

what determines stimulus intensity?
1.
2.

A
  1. # of receptors activated
  2. freq of AP’s coming from individual receptor cells
22
Q

moderate stimulus is higher freq of AP’s true or false?

A

false

23
Q

true or false?

longer and stronger stimulus = higher freq of AP’s and neurotransmitter release

A

true

24
Q

TONIC RECEPTORS:
-
-
PHASIC RECEPTORS
-
-

A

TONIC:
- slow adapting
- respond throughout stimulus

PHASIC:
- rapidly adapt
- constant stimulus and turn off (sharp reaction)

25
Q

somatic sense:
special senses:

A

somatic sense: touch, temp, pain, itch, proprioception
special senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell & equilibrium

26
Q

what are cutaneous sensory receptors

A
  1. merkels disks
  2. Meissner’s corpuscle
  3. Pacinian corpuscle
  4. ruffini’s corpuscle
  5. free nerve endings
27
Q

what cutaneous receptors are for small receptive fields

A
  1. Meissner’s corpuscles
  2. Merkels Disk’s
28
Q

what cutaneous receptors are for larger receptive fields

A
  1. Pacinian corpuscles
  2. Ruffini’s Corpuscles
29
Q

what is the location of
merkels disks?
Meissner’s corpuscle
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • superficial
  • superficial
  • deep
  • deep
30
Q

what is the adaption of
merkels disks?
Meissner’s corpuscle
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • slow
  • fast
  • slow
  • fast

how to remember, there is one fast and one slow for each location (superficial, deep)

how to remember slow:
MERKELS RUFFINIS

how to remember fast:
PACINIAN MEISSNER’S (PA, ME) pacheco, me) and i am fast

31
Q

what is the function of
- merkels disks
- Meissner’s corpuscle
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • sustained touch/ pressure, texture
  • beginning and end of fine touch/ pressure
  • sustained gross touch, vibration/ stretch
  • beginning and end of gross touch/ vibration
32
Q

NOCICEPTION MEANING?

A

NOCIO = to do harm

33
Q

nociception is mediated by __________

A

free nerve endings expressing TRP

34
Q

pain is mediated by _______

A

chemical release

35
Q

what is TRP

A

transient receptor potential

36
Q

TRP mediate a variety of sensations including

A
  • pain
  • heat
  • cold
  • some taste’s
  • pressure
  • vision
  • pressure
  • stretch
37
Q

what is Vanilloid

A

family of TRPV

(Transient receptor protein)

38
Q

-
-
-
-

A
  • temp
  • pepper
  • garlic
  • peppermint
  • wasabi
39
Q

somatic motor reflex is monosynaptic or polysynaptic

A

monosynaptic

40
Q

________synaptic = only afferent and efferent

A

monosynaptic

41
Q

_______ synaptic = autonomic reflexes, involves interneurons

A

polysynaptic

42
Q

autonomic (visceral) reflexes involve post and pre ganglionic neurons true or false

A

true

43
Q

alpha motor neurons are _________ pathway

A

efferent pathway

44
Q

proprioceptors:
- receptors that sense changes in
_______- movements, muscle________, muscle_______ and send info to CNS

A

receptors that sense changes in joint movements, muscle length, muscle tension and send info to CNS

45
Q

what are the Two PROPRIOCEPTORS?

1.
2.

A
  1. muscle spindles
  2. Golgi tendon organs
46
Q

what

A

BIOL 373 (6 decks)

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