unit 3 Flashcards
STUDY
Thermoreceptors respond to
temp
photoreceptors respond to
light
true or false? an adequate stimulus is a type of energy that responds best?
true
true or false motor sensory neurons have receptive fields
true
in sensory neurons at least ______ afferent neurons in pathway to the brain.
what are they?
TWO
- first order (primary) neuron –> directly associated w/ stimuli
- second order (secondary) neuron –> relays info from first neuron
true or false the more primary sensory neurons the less chance of an AP (action potential)
false more opportunity of AP
convergence allows __________ of multiple ___________
> creates ______ _________ _________
- convergence allows summation of multiple stimuli
- creates larger receptive fields
convergence means –> no ___– _____ _______
2 point discrimination
convergence = loss of?
loss of resolution –> and when teacher uses resolution she means 2-point discrimination
smaller receptive fields are better for?
two-point discrimination
two stimuli fall within the same receptive field =
convergence, larger receptive fields
two stimuli activate separate pathways to the brain and are perceived as distinct stimuli =?
smaller receptive fields
why are we able to read braille?
due to the fact that our fingers have small receptive fields and that they allow for better 2-point discrimination. and allow for two stimuli to activate separate pathways
true or false? more sensory pathways project to the thalamus?
true
somatic senses go to appropriate cortex after _______
processing in thalamus
this is an example of _____________ sensory information?
- mostly integrated in brain stem and spinal cord
- doesn’t usually reach consciousness
what are some examples?
visceral sensory info
- gi tract
- BP
the CNS must be able to decode what for distinguishing different sensations
- type of stimulus –> modality?
- location –> where in body?
- intensity–> how hard?
- duration –> when did it start/stop
sensory modality is determined by?
type of neuron activated and where pathway terminates in brain
“LABELLED LINE CODING”
Lateral inhibition enhances _______ and improves ______________ _______________
enhances contrast and improves stimulus localization
what does lateral inhibition do?
- enhances contrast and makes a stimulus easier to perceive
- inhibition of lateral neurons enhances perception of stimulus
what determines stimulus intensity?
1.
2.
- # of receptors activated
- freq of AP’s coming from individual receptor cells
moderate stimulus is higher freq of AP’s true or false?
false
true or false?
longer and stronger stimulus = higher freq of AP’s and neurotransmitter release
true
TONIC RECEPTORS:
-
-
PHASIC RECEPTORS
-
-
TONIC:
- slow adapting
- respond throughout stimulus
PHASIC:
- rapidly adapt
- constant stimulus and turn off (sharp reaction)
somatic sense:
special senses:
somatic sense: touch, temp, pain, itch, proprioception
special senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell & equilibrium
what are cutaneous sensory receptors
- merkels disks
- Meissner’s corpuscle
- Pacinian corpuscle
- ruffini’s corpuscle
- free nerve endings
what cutaneous receptors are for small receptive fields
- Meissner’s corpuscles
- Merkels Disk’s
what cutaneous receptors are for larger receptive fields
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Ruffini’s Corpuscles
what is the location of
merkels disks?
Meissner’s corpuscle
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
- superficial
- superficial
- deep
- deep
what is the adaption of
merkels disks?
Meissner’s corpuscle
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
- slow
- fast
- slow
- fast
how to remember, there is one fast and one slow for each location (superficial, deep)
how to remember slow:
MERKELS RUFFINIS
how to remember fast:
PACINIAN MEISSNER’S (PA, ME) pacheco, me) and i am fast
what is the function of
- merkels disks
- Meissner’s corpuscle
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
- sustained touch/ pressure, texture
- beginning and end of fine touch/ pressure
- sustained gross touch, vibration/ stretch
- beginning and end of gross touch/ vibration
NOCICEPTION MEANING?
NOCIO = to do harm
nociception is mediated by __________
free nerve endings expressing TRP
pain is mediated by _______
chemical release
what is TRP
transient receptor potential
TRP mediate a variety of sensations including
- pain
- heat
- cold
- some taste’s
- pressure
- vision
- pressure
- stretch
what is Vanilloid
family of TRPV
(Transient receptor protein)
-
-
-
-
- temp
- pepper
- garlic
- peppermint
- wasabi
somatic motor reflex is monosynaptic or polysynaptic
monosynaptic
________synaptic = only afferent and efferent
monosynaptic
_______ synaptic = autonomic reflexes, involves interneurons
polysynaptic
autonomic (visceral) reflexes involve post and pre ganglionic neurons true or false
true
alpha motor neurons are _________ pathway
efferent pathway
proprioceptors:
- receptors that sense changes in
_______- movements, muscle________, muscle_______ and send info to CNS
receptors that sense changes in joint movements, muscle length, muscle tension and send info to CNS
what are the Two PROPRIOCEPTORS?
1.
2.
- muscle spindles
- Golgi tendon organs
what
