unit 3 Flashcards

STUDY

1
Q

Thermoreceptors respond to

A

temp

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2
Q

photoreceptors respond to

A

light

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3
Q

true or false? an adequate stimulus is a type of energy that responds best?

A

true

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4
Q

true or false motor sensory neurons have receptive fields

A

true

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5
Q

in sensory neurons at least ______ afferent neurons in pathway to the brain.

what are they?

A

TWO

  • first order (primary) neuron –> directly associated w/ stimuli
  • second order (secondary) neuron –> relays info from first neuron
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6
Q

true or false the more primary sensory neurons the less chance of an AP (action potential)

A

false more opportunity of AP

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7
Q

convergence allows __________ of multiple ___________
> creates ______ _________ _________

A
  • convergence allows summation of multiple stimuli
  • creates larger receptive fields
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8
Q

convergence means –> no ___– _____ _______

A

2 point discrimination

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9
Q

convergence = loss of?

A

loss of resolution –> and when teacher uses resolution she means 2-point discrimination

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10
Q

smaller receptive fields are better for?

A

two-point discrimination

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11
Q

two stimuli fall within the same receptive field =

A

convergence, larger receptive fields

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12
Q

two stimuli activate separate pathways to the brain and are perceived as distinct stimuli =?

A

smaller receptive fields

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13
Q

why are we able to read braille?

A

due to the fact that our fingers have small receptive fields and that they allow for better 2-point discrimination. and allow for two stimuli to activate separate pathways

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14
Q

true or false? more sensory pathways project to the thalamus?

A

true

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15
Q

somatic senses go to appropriate cortex after _______

A

processing in thalamus

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16
Q

this is an example of _____________ sensory information?

  1. mostly integrated in brain stem and spinal cord
  2. doesn’t usually reach consciousness

what are some examples?

A

visceral sensory info

  • gi tract
  • BP
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17
Q

the CNS must be able to decode what for distinguishing different sensations

A
  1. type of stimulus –> modality?
  2. location –> where in body?
  3. intensity–> how hard?
  4. duration –> when did it start/stop
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18
Q

sensory modality is determined by?

A

type of neuron activated and where pathway terminates in brain

“LABELLED LINE CODING”

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19
Q

Lateral inhibition enhances _______ and improves ______________ _______________

A

enhances contrast and improves stimulus localization

20
Q

what does lateral inhibition do?

A
  • enhances contrast and makes a stimulus easier to perceive
  • inhibition of lateral neurons enhances perception of stimulus
21
Q

what determines stimulus intensity?
1.
2.

A
  1. # of receptors activated
  2. freq of AP’s coming from individual receptor cells
22
Q

moderate stimulus is higher freq of AP’s true or false?

23
Q

true or false?

longer and stronger stimulus = higher freq of AP’s and neurotransmitter release

24
Q

TONIC RECEPTORS:
-
-
PHASIC RECEPTORS
-
-

A

TONIC:
- slow adapting
- respond throughout stimulus

PHASIC:
- rapidly adapt
- constant stimulus and turn off (sharp reaction)

25
somatic sense: special senses:
somatic sense: touch, temp, pain, itch, proprioception special senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell & equilibrium
26
what are cutaneous sensory receptors
1. merkels disks 2. Meissner's corpuscle 3. Pacinian corpuscle 4. ruffini's corpuscle 5. free nerve endings
27
what cutaneous receptors are for small receptive fields
1. Meissner's corpuscles 2. Merkels Disk's
28
what cutaneous receptors are for larger receptive fields
1. Pacinian corpuscles 2. Ruffini's Corpuscles
29
what is the location of merkels disks? Meissner's corpuscle Ruffini's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles
- superficial - superficial - deep - deep
30
what is the adaption of merkels disks? Meissner's corpuscle Ruffini's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles
- slow - fast - slow - fast how to remember, there is one fast and one slow for each location (superficial, deep) how to remember slow: MERKELS RUFFINIS how to remember fast: PACINIAN MEISSNER'S (PA, ME) pacheco, me) and i am fast
31
what is the function of - merkels disks - Meissner's corpuscle - Ruffini's corpuscles - Pacinian corpuscles
- sustained touch/ pressure, texture - beginning and end of fine touch/ pressure - sustained gross touch, vibration/ stretch - beginning and end of gross touch/ vibration
32
NOCICEPTION MEANING?
NOCIO = to do harm
33
nociception is mediated by __________
free nerve endings expressing TRP
34
pain is mediated by _______
chemical release
35
what is TRP
transient receptor potential
36
TRP mediate a variety of sensations including
- pain - heat - cold - some taste's - pressure - vision - pressure - stretch
37
what is Vanilloid
family of TRPV (Transient receptor protein)
38
vanilloid receptors respond to: - - - - -
- temp - pepper - garlic - peppermint - wasabi
39
somatic motor reflex is monosynaptic or polysynaptic
monosynaptic
40
________synaptic = only afferent and efferent
monosynaptic
41
_______ synaptic = autonomic reflexes, involves interneurons
polysynaptic
42
autonomic (visceral) reflexes involve post and pre ganglionic neurons true or false
true
43
alpha motor neurons are _________ pathway
efferent pathway
44
proprioceptors: - receptors that sense changes in _______- movements, muscle________, muscle_______ and send info to CNS
receptors that sense changes in joint movements, muscle length, muscle tension and send info to CNS
45
what are the Two PROPRIOCEPTORS? 1. 2.
1. muscle spindles 2. Golgi tendon organs
46
what