Unit 3

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

translated by ribosome into protein

Question 2

tRNA

Answer 2

delivers amino acids to protein

Question 3

rRNA

Answer 3

binds to amino acid in polypeptide to form ribosome

Question 4

Hershey chase

Answer 4

32P and 35S infected bacterial cells with these isotopes

Question 5

Chargaff

Answer 5

%A=%T

Question 6

Helicase

Answer 6

binds to the origin to break hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Single stranded binding protein

Answer 7

attached to loose DNA strand so they don’t attract each other

Question 8

Topoisomerase

Answer 8

Relives tension by cutting DNA strands near replication than rejoining them

Question 9

RNA primer

Answer 9

tells replication molecule where to start

Question 10

Polymerase add new nucleotides to which end?

Answer 10

3’

Question 11

Okazaki fragments

Answer 11

new strand of DNA on lagging

Question 12

semiconservative

Answer 12

separates 2 parental strands and builds new complementary strand for each

Question 13

Telomeres

Answer 13

Repeating sequence of DNA found in ends of chromosome

Question 14

Replication origin

Answer 14

y shape formed when separating and unwinding strands

Question 15

Transcription-Initiation

Answer 15

RNA binds to DNA at TATA box

Question 16

Transcription-Elongation

Answer 16

RNA molecules based paired with template strand

Question 17

Transcription-Termination

Answer 17

RNA copy released

Question 18

Poly(A)tailing

Answer 18

Chain of A nucleotides added to 3’ end

Question 19

Capping

Answer 19

7 G added to 5’ end

Question 20

Splicing

Answer 20

Removing introns

Question 21

Alternative splicing

Answer 21

exons put in different combinations

Question 22

Why 3 letter codons

Answer 22

needs to code for 20 amino acids

Question 23

Prokaryotes Transcription

Answer 23

No introns, no post transcription modifications, and occur throughout cell

Question 24

Eukaryotes Transcription

Answer 24

both introns and exons, must go through modifications

Question 25

Post Translation

Answer 25

Peptide must be folded in the right way so met is cut out

Question 26

Point mutation

Answer 26

Change in a single nucleotide within a gene

Question 27

Frame shift mutation

Answer 27

adding a codon or deleting a codon causing codon to be read in a diffrent way

Question 28

Translocation

Answer 28

movement of an entire DNA sequence to another chromosome

Question 29

Histones

Answer 29

extremely coiled DNA around proteins

Question 30

Recombinant DNA

Answer 30

DNA strand created by mixing multiple pieces of DNA from different sources

Question 31

EcoRI

Answer 31

Cuts phosphodiester bond in DNA backbone causing nucleotides to become weak

Question 32

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 32

separates molecules based on size and charge