Unit 1 Flashcards
Intermolecular forces
forces between two molecules
Intramolecular forces
forces within a molecule
Dehydration/condensation
joining to subunits to make a large one water is lost
hydrolysis
breaking big molecule into 2 subunits using water
neutralization
acid and base makes salt
Oxidation
loss of electrons gain of oxygen loss of hydrogen
Reduction
gain of electrons, loss of oxygen and gain of hydrogen
Hydrophilic
water loving and polar
hydrophobic
hates water and non-polar
acid
donates proton
base
accepts proton
What does differences in PH cause
protein loses structure and function
buffers
chemical keeps constant PH by accepting or donating H+
hydroxyl
OH
Amino
NH2
Carboxyl
COOH
Carbonyl (aldehyde)
on the side C=0 +H
Carbonyl (ketone)
in the middle C=0 +H
4 Macromolecules
- proteins
- lipids
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acid
monosaccharide
building block of carbohydrates
Polymerization
2 monomers in a chain to produce a polymer
Peptide
connects amino acids
Purines
2 Carbon ring (adenine and guanine)
Pyrimidines
1 Carbon ring
Enzymes
speed up reaction without changing product
cofactor
activates enzyme
enzyme inhibitor
binds to enzyme to decrease activity
allosteric site
not binding at active site
Competitive Inhibition
Binding at active site
Non-competitive Inhibition
Binding somewhere other than active site
