unit 3

Question 1

carrying capacity

Answer 1

K

Question 2

exponential vs logistic growth models

Answer 2

exponential growth model (impossible): Occurs when there are no limits on resources, has idea conditions. Creates a J shaped curve because populations can growth rapidly
logistic growth model (realistic): Factors in carrying capacity (K), and creates an S-shaped curve. Used to predict populations affected by density dependent limiting factors

Question 3

intrinsic growth rate

Answer 3

Maximum potential growth of a population under ideal conditions

Question 4

overshooting

Answer 4

u know

Question 5

k selected vs r selected species

Answer 5

K-selected: Has a low intrinsic growth rate, thus low biotic potential. Be larger organisms. Have populations close to the carrying capacity. Produce few offspring that are well cared for (expensive offspring). Reach maturity later in life, reproduce later in life
R-selected: Have a high intrinsic growth rate, thus high biotic potential, Are smaller bodied. Have a lot of young and provide little care (cheap offspring). Reach maturity early, reproduce early. Rarely exist close to the carrying capacity, Overshoot then die off

Question 6

survivorship curves (type 1-3)

Answer 6

Type 1: Species have a high survival throughout most of its life. However, they start to die off rapidly once they start reaching old age. EXCLUSIVELY k-selected species
Type 2: Species have a relatively constant decline in survivorship as time moves on, Also K- selected species
Type 3: Species have low survivorship early on in life
As time goes on, survivorship increases (but at this point few individuals remain). Produce a lot of offspring, R-selected species

Question 7

age structure (diagram)

Answer 7

banana chips (what are those called)

(i figured it out its plantains)

Question 8

types of age structure diagrams (kinda self explanatory)

Answer 8

expanding rapidly, wide base and narrow peak. Expanding slowly, similar shape but slope is steeper. stable, relatively even/rectangle like but old might form a peak. declining, higher proportion of the population in the post reproductive group, base is narrower than the top.

Question 9

levels of complexity in nature

Answer 9

u know

Question 10

demographic transition stage 1

Answer 10

High death rate
High birth rate
Low but stable population

Question 11

stage 2

Answer 11

high birth rate
stabler death rate
lotsa growth

Question 12

stage 3

Answer 12

stabler death and birth rate
population starts to stabilize

Question 13

stage 4

Answer 13

low birth and death rate
stable population

Question 14

popul;ation density

Answer 14

Population / Area

Question 15

birth/death rate

Answer 15

Births or Deaths / Population
Multiply by 1000 for crude

Question 16

population growth rate

Answer 16

crude Births - Crude Deaths) / 10 = r%
(Births - Deaths) / Population x 100 = r%

Question 17

Population Change w/ Emigration and Immigration

Answer 17

(Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration) / Population x 100

Question 18

Doubling Time

Answer 18

70/growth rate

Question 19

population distribution

Answer 19

How individuals are distributed with respect to one another.
Random distribution: no particular pattern
Uniform distribution: evenly spaced, usually bc of territorial animals or manmade
Clumped distribution: where living in large groups helps individuals survive

Question 20

density dependent vs density independent factors

Answer 20

i feel like u know this

Question 21

total fertility rate and replacement fertility rate

Answer 21

Total fertility rate (TFR): The average number of children born per woman of childbearing age
Replacement fertility rate (RFR): The number of children a couple must produce to replace themselves. Mathematically speaking 2.1 children per couple in DEVELOPED nations, nations with high infant mortality have higher RFR

Question 22

factors that influence total fertility rate

Answer 22

The age which females have their first child, Education and employment opportunities for women , Access to family planning
Governmental policies, Importance of children in the workforce (esp. True in rural/poorer areas), More children meant more earning power for the family , Cost of raising and educating children. The more expensive children are, the fewer children couples have, Pension systems: kids can support parents if there is no system, so there is an incentive to have more of them, Urbanization: things become more expensive in cities

Question 23

signs of a healthy population

Answer 23

life expectancy: the average number of years a person born in a particular year can be expected to live
infant mortality: the best metric tbh. the number of babies out of 1000 who die before their first birthday. Usually, lower infant mortality rates mean lower total fertility rates. Areas with high infant mortality tend to have larger families bc replacement fertility rate ykyk

Question 24

Malthusian theory

Answer 24

Human population will grow exponentially, but resources grow arithmetically.
This means that resource availability has to be a check on population growth.
If population grows beyond resource production, famine, disease, and war will bring the population back in check