Unit 3 Flashcards
current political/social/economic structure in china?
communist society, capitalist economy
how many provinces?
23
how many autonomous regions? names?
5
how many centrally administered cities?
4
how many special administrative regions? (SARS)
2
names of autonomous regions?
Tibet, Guangxi, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia
names of special administrative regions (SARs)?
Hong Kong and Macau
imperial China ideologies?
- Confucianism
- civil service exam
- obedience to authority
- hierarchy
- meritocracy
traits of Republic of China (1839-1949)
- “century of humiliation”
- economic stagnation
- high poverty
- imperialism by the west
- nationalism leads to revolution in the 1900s and establishes warlord rule
leader of Chinese Nationalist Party?
founder Sun-lat-Sen
later led by Chiang Kai-Shek
goals of Chinese Nationalist Party?
- remove foreign interference and modernize
- combats communism
outcome of Chinese Nationalist Party?
- ousted by communists in 1920
- formally defeated by communists later on
Communist Party founder?
Mao
what happened in 1949 in China?
People’s Liberation Army marched into Beijing unopposed and established a new regime, ousted the nationalists
Maoism traits?
- form of communism
- strength belongs to peasents
- collectivism
- egalitarianism
- mass line communication between levels of party
Maoism results:
intense hunger and genocide
collectivism definition
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
egalitarianism definition
all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
mass line communication definition
- formulating policy based on theory, implementing it based on people’s real world conditions, revising theory and policy based on actual practice, and using that revised theory as the guide to future practice
- To the masses - from the masses - to the masses”
Great Leap Forward
-a five-year economic plan executed by Mao
- begun in 1958 and abandoned in 1961
- modernize the country’s agricultural sector using communist economic ideologies
- led to famine and genocide
Soviet Model (initially followed by Mao)?
- land reform
- civil reform
- combat opium problems
- enhanced women’s rights
- industry and agriculture collectivized
what ends the cultural revolution in the mid 1900s?
Mao’s death
what happened to the PRC when Mao died?
party split:
- radicals guided by Mao’s wife
- moderates wanted economic reform and to open up to foreign nations
- moderates win election for next party leader, arrest opponents and begin to modernize China
Party leader after Mao?
Deng Xiaoping (1979)
(never actually president of China but major leader)
Xiaoping regime
- open door trade
- reforms in education
- reforms in legal system
- four modernizations: agriculture, industry, science, military
- new social contract: less social reform but more economic freedom
Socialist Market Economy traits?
- Household Responsibility System
- Special Economic Zones
Household Responsibility System traits
- individualized economic pursuit by replacing communes (rural collectivization)
- after paying taxes, families were allowed to sell their products for profit
- less regulation of household production
Special Economic Zones traits?
- promote foreign investment
- incentivize investment
- tax breaks to companies
- market zones (expanded exports)
what is the “iron rice bowl” concept?
- guaranteed employment for life
- now abolished
economic growth in china:
- 9% GDP per capita
- abolished “iron rice bowl”
- less unemployment (but more inequality)
economic downsides in china:
- compromise social freedom for economic prosperity
- high floating population (people who move for jobs, unstable)
state of social reform in china?
- has not reformed socially
- ex: Tiananem Square protest shut down with violence, event denied by government
what regime takes over after Xiaoping?
technocrat regime
technocrat regime leaders?
- Jiam Zemin (1993-2003)
- Hi Jintao (2003-2013)
- Xi Jingping (2013-present)
all professional, loyal, competent
Jintao’s Harmonious Society
- shift from economic growth to overall societal balance and harmony
- international harmony
Xi’s Chinese Dream
- rejuvenation of the Chinese state
- modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious
- ambitious political, economic, social, and cultural dimensions