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AP Cogo Vocab > Iran Unit > Flashcards

Iran Unit Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of government does Iran have?

A

theocratic republic

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2
Q

is the political regime in Iran stable

A

no-goes back and forth between reform and conservative/traditional

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3
Q

issues faced in Iran

A

tradition v modernization
islam v democracy/free expression
distribution of wealth
rights for women
colonialism/western influence

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4
Q

urban or rural population?

A

urban: majority of people live in the cities

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5
Q

age demographic of Iran?

A

Iranian population is very young: 33 is the median age, 24% of all Iranians are under 15

why: not a lot of social expenditure for seniors

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6
Q

start of Pahlavi Dynasty?

A
  • coup in 1920s, Muhammad Reza Shah takes power (puppet leader for the west
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7
Q

pahlavi dynasty opposition?

A

Mohammad Mosaddegah: reformer, radical, become PM in 1950 (and Shah flees)

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8
Q

what happens when Mosadegah becomes PM?

A

Britain and the US stage a coup to overthrow him (to protect oil interests)

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9
Q

characteristics of Mohammad Reza Shah

A
  • reformer
  • westernization
  • women’s rights
  • land redistribution
  • secularization

known as White Revolution

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10
Q

is Iran a rentier state?

A

yes: the state is dependent on the oil industry, creates fragile economy

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11
Q

why does the Shah become unpopular?

A

he becomes wealthy and spends all of the nation’s money on his lavish life rather than on the suffering citizens

he becomes too tied to the western world

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12
Q

who represents the religious reformations in Iran?

A

Ayatollah Khomeini

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13
Q

what happens in 1979?

A
  • the Shah flees the nation after mass protesting
  • people vote for a referendum to overthrow the Pahlavi monarchy and set up an Islamic Republic
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14
Q

traits of Islamic Republic under Khomeini?

A
  • guard ship of the jurist: society ought to be led by Islamic leaders
  • islamic fundamentalism: oppose the infiltration of secular and Westernizing influences and seek to institute Islamic law, including strict codes of behavior
  • only senior clerics can interpret the law
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15
Q

Iranian Hostage Crisis

A

Iran takes USA ministers hostage, in return they want the USA to apologize for their involvement in the coup against Mosaddegah and return the Shah for trial

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16
Q

cultural revolution past 1979 characteristics

A
  • purify country from Shah’s regime
  • suppress opposition, purge liberals from universities
  • take away freedoms from women
  • nationalize press
  • change school curriculum
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17
Q

Iran-Iraq war

A

Hussein/Iraq invaded Iran, ends in ceasefire

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18
Q

who replaces Khomeini?

A

Khameini

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19
Q

who was president from 1984-1997?

A

Hashemi Rafsarijami

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19
Q

characteristics of Hashemi Rafsarijami?

A
  • moderate
  • wanted to strengthen economy
  • very few actual reforms
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20
Q

who was president from 1997-2005?

A

Mohammad Khatami

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

characteristics of Khatami?

A
  • reformer
  • made easier to organize political groups
  • less press censorship
  • improved communication with the west
  • conservative wave win Majlis make him unpopular
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23
Q

who was the president from 2005-2013?

A

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

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24
Q

Ahmadinejad election controversy

A
  • rivalry with other candidate, Mousavi
  • fraud allegations in election
  • protests and major government crackdown
25
Q
A
26
Q

Ahmadinejad characteristics

A
  • ultra conservative
  • closed reformist newspapers
  • journalist and activists arrested
  • jailed internet users
  • morality police enforce Islamic dress and gender standards
  • increased reports of arrest and torture
27
Q

who was the president from 2013-2021?

A

Rouhani

28
Q

Rouhani characteristics?

A
  • moderate cleric
  • supported women’s rights
  • worked to increase Iran’s purchasing power
  • light reforms
  • overall positive reputation
29
Q

who is the current president?

A

Raisi, conservative

30
Q

Raisi election controversy

A
  • low voter turnout: 49%
  • Guardian Council vetted a lot pf candidates from running
31
Q

list the theocratic institutions:

A
  • Supreme Leader
  • Guardian Council
  • Assembly Experts
  • Expediency Council
32
Q

what kind of state is Iran?

A

unitary, but split into provinces, districts, and local govs (so there are still local elections)

32
Q

executive branch structure?

A

dual executive: SL and President

32
Q

legislature structure?

A

unicameral legislatiure (Majilis)

mostly just follow President’s will

33
Q

what is the judiciary based off of?

A

Sharia law

34
Q

what positions do citizens vote directly for?

A

experts, parliament, and president

35
Q

Supreme Leader characteristics:

A
  • most powerful position
  • chosen by assembly of experts
  • appointed for life
  • has to be reaffirmed and can be removed (in theory)
  • supervises that policy follows Islam
  • links all three branches together
36
Q

powers of SL:

A
  • limit presidential candidates
  • overrule/dismiss president
  • command armed forces
  • declare war
  • issue decree for referendum
  • appoint head of judiciary
  • appoint half of Guardian Council
  • appoint prayer leaders, head of radio/TV
  • interpret Sharia law
37
Q

How many people on the GC?

A
  • 12, all male
38
Q

how long are GC terms?

A

6 years

39
Q

How are GC members appointed?

A

the SL appoints 6, the other 6 are recommended by the judiciary and approved by parliament

40
Q
A
41
Q

GC powers

A
  • can veto legislation
  • determines who can run for office at all levels, can disqualify candidates
42
Q

how many members in the assembly of experts

A

86 members, members subject to approval by GC

42
Q

how long are the terms for the assembly of expert members?

A

8 year terms

43
Q

powers of experts?

A

elect supreme leader, can dismiss him in theory (but won’t)

44
Q

how many members in expediency council

A

32 members, appointed by SL

includes President, Chief judge, speaker of Majilis, jurists of GC

45
Q

how long are terms of members of the expediency council?

A

5 year terms

46
Q

powers of expediency council

A
  • settle disputes between Majilis and Guardian Council
  • can originate its own legislation
47
Q

political parties in Iran?

A

generally weak, largely centered around coalitions of Conservatives v. Reformists

48
Q

media in iran?

A

state run, if not requires registration,

outside social media is banned

49
Q

progression of civil society

A

Khatami: loosened restrictions

Ahmadinajead: banned books, websites shut down, papers shut down, did not tolerate peaceful demonstrations

recently: some civil society, mostly young people

50
Q

Islam demographics

A

90% Shi’a, 10% Sunni, some other smaller religious percentages

Bahai faith persecuted, seen as unholy

51
Q

ethnic demographics

A

51% Persian, 24% Azeri, smaller Kurdish and Arabic %

Azeris live in NW near Azeribaijan

Iran worried about independence movements

52
Q

how do the poor feel about the regime?

A

they support the regime because of the social programs it provides (ex: healthcare)

53
Q

how do the middle and upper classes feel about the regime?

A

more critical because they’re secularized and more educated

Middle class doesn’t really exists because of Rentier State

54
Q

can women vote?

A

yes!

55
Q

can women run for the Majilis?

A

yes! but thats all they can run for.

56
Q

official policy for women

A

equality with difference

57
Q

how are men favored over women?

A
  • divorce and custody laws favor men
  • women must cover up, can be arrested for not doing this
  • women cannot leave the country without permission from men

AP Cogo Vocab (6 decks)

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