Unit 3 (1450-1700s) Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

What did imperial expansion rely on

A

Gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade

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2
Q

Tamerlane

A

Father of gunpowder empires

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3
Q

Gunpowder Empire

A

A large group of Muslim states that used gunpowder to conquer land

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4
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Sunni; nearest to Europe

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5
Q

Safavid Empire

A

Shia; Iraq/Iran

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6
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Syncretic; India

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7
Q

Russian Empire

A

Orthodox Christian; Russia

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8
Q

Mehmed II

A

Leader of the Ottoman Empire which reached its maximum power under

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9
Q

Sunni Islam

A

Any devout Muslim can be a leader

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10
Q

Shia Islam

A

Only descendants of the great prophet Mohammed can be a leader

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11
Q

Ismail

A

Safavid ruler that used gunpowder to conquer territory

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12
Q

Abbas the Great

A

Safavid ruler that forced captured Christian boys to serve in the army and used Shia to unify his empire

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13
Q

Barbur

A

Mughal Muslim leader and descendant of Tamerlane that used gunpowder to conquer northern India (Hindu)

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14
Q

Akbar the Great

A

Mughal leader that tolerated all religions, marrying Hindu women, exempting them from the jizya poll tax, and tried to prevent child marriage/sati

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15
Q

Emperor Kangxi

A

Leader of Qing China that used gunpowder to conquer Central Asia

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16
Q

White Lotus Rebellion

A

An unsuccessful peasant revolt in China caused by high taxed

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17
Q

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

A

Russian leader who expanded into Siberia using gunpowder and cossacks (peasant warriors); wanted to control fur trade; forced boyars to move to Moscow to watch over them

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18
Q

What caused conflicts between states

A

Political and religious disputes

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19
Q

Battle of Tabriz

A

A fight between the Ottomans and Safavids that the Ottomans won, stopping Safavid expansion

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20
Q

Aurangzeb

A

Akbar the Great’s Muslim successor who persecuted Hindus/other religious minorities, leading to the collapse of the Mughal empire

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21
Q

Who did rulers recruit to maintain their power?

A

Bureaucratic elites and military professionals

22
Q

Ming Dynasty Government

A

Used Confucian-Based Civil Exam and re-established scholar-bureaucrats (continuity)

23
Q

Devshirme

A

Ottoman program that forced Christians to serve in the government

24
Q

Janissaries

A

A special Ottoman military unity made up of Christian boys (devshirme)

25
England's Bureaucratic Elites
"Justices of Peace" who maintained law and order
26
Boyars
Russia's bureaucratic elites that owned and governed land
27
Oprichnina
Ivan IV's secret military force that did his will
28
Zamindars
Paid Mughal government officials who had specific jobs like collecting taxes
29
Divine Right of Kings
The belief that God gave kings the right to rule
30
Askia the Great
Made Islam West Africa's official religion and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca
31
Filial Piety
A Confucianist principle that emphasized respect of elders and the emperor
32
Taj Mahal
A monument built in the Mughal Empire to display power and honor Shah Jahan's wife
33
Ottoman Artichetual Achievements
The Sulaymaniyah Mosque and Islamized Hagia Sophia Church by Suleman I
34
Palace of Versailles
A monument in France by Louis XIV that showed power and allowed him to watch over nobles
35
China Architectural Achievements
The Forbidden Palace by Ming Emperor Yongle and Qing Imperial Portraits
36
Russia's Tax System
Changed from a land tax to head (individual) tax
37
Tax Farming
Private officials such as in the Ottomans collect taxes for the state
38
Ming China's Tax System
Collected tributes (gold/other valuables) from other states
39
Incan Mit'a System
Mandatory public service was used as a tax
40
Russia's Social Hierarchy
Boyars, Merchants, then Peasants/Serfs
41
Japan's Social Hierarchy
Emperor, Shogun, Daimyos, Samurais, Peasants
42
Ieyasu Tokugawa
Forbade Christianity from entering Japan and forced officials to have a house in Tokyo where either they or their family lived to keep them loyal
43
Protestant Reformation
Led by Martin Luther who disliked the Roman Catholic's corruption of simony (buying high positions in the church) and indulgences (buying pardons for sins)
44
Calvinism
Branch of Christianity by John Calvin that believed God decided for certain people to go to heaven and hell and the "protestant work ethic" was a sign of salvation
45
Anglicanism
Created by Prince Henry VIII because the pope wouldn't let him divorce
46
Counter-Reformation
The Catholic's rebuttal to the Protestant Reformation utilized inquisition courts to find other religions guilty, missionaries to spread their religion, and the Council of Trent to fix some of their corruptions
47
Peace of Augsburg
Allowed individual German states to choose between Catholicism and Protestant
48
Edict of Nantes
Signed by Prince Henry VIII to allow religious freedom
49
30 Years War
A religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire
50
Peace of Westaphalia
Allowed Holy Roman Empire states to choose between Lutheranism, Calvinism, or Catholicism
51
Causes of Conflict between Ottomans and Safavids
Differing theologies (Otto. Sunni / Safa. Shia) and trade embargos
52
Sikhism
Founded by Guru Nanak, a syncretic blend between Islam and Hindu where the religion was monotheistic but believed in the cycle of rebirth