Unit 3 (1450-1700s)

Question 1

What did imperial expansion rely on

Answer 1

Gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade

Question 2

Tamerlane

Answer 2

Father of gunpowder empires

Question 3

Gunpowder Empire

Answer 3

A large group of Muslim states that used gunpowder to conquer land

Question 4

Ottoman Empire

Answer 4

Sunni; nearest to Europe

Question 5

Safavid Empire

Answer 5

Shia; Iraq/Iran

Question 6

Mughal Empire

Answer 6

Syncretic; India

Question 7

Russian Empire

Answer 7

Orthodox Christian; Russia

Question 8

Mehmed II

Answer 8

Leader of the Ottoman Empire which reached its maximum power under

Question 9

Sunni Islam

Answer 9

Any devout Muslim can be a leader

Question 10

Shia Islam

Answer 10

Only descendants of the great prophet Mohammed can be a leader

Question 11

Ismail

Answer 11

Safavid ruler that used gunpowder to conquer territory

Question 12

Abbas the Great

Answer 12

Safavid ruler that forced captured Christian boys to serve in the army and used Shia to unify his empire

Question 13

Barbur

Answer 13

Mughal Muslim leader and descendant of Tamerlane that used gunpowder to conquer northern India (Hindu)

Question 14

Akbar the Great

Answer 14

Mughal leader that tolerated all religions, marrying Hindu women, exempting them from the jizya poll tax, and tried to prevent child marriage/sati

Question 15

Emperor Kangxi

Answer 15

Leader of Qing China that used gunpowder to conquer Central Asia

Question 16

White Lotus Rebellion

Answer 16

An unsuccessful peasant revolt in China caused by high taxed

Question 17

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

Answer 17

Russian leader who expanded into Siberia using gunpowder and cossacks (peasant warriors); wanted to control fur trade; forced boyars to move to Moscow to watch over them

Question 18

What caused conflicts between states

Answer 18

Political and religious disputes

Question 19

Battle of Tabriz

Answer 19

A fight between the Ottomans and Safavids that the Ottomans won, stopping Safavid expansion

Question 20

Aurangzeb

Answer 20

Akbar the Great’s Muslim successor who persecuted Hindus/other religious minorities, leading to the collapse of the Mughal empire

Question 21

Who did rulers recruit to maintain their power?

Answer 21

Bureaucratic elites and military professionals

Question 22

Ming Dynasty Government

Answer 22

Used Confucian-Based Civil Exam and re-established scholar-bureaucrats (continuity)

Question 23

Devshirme

Answer 23

Ottoman program that forced Christians to serve in the government

Question 24

Janissaries

Answer 24

A special Ottoman military unity made up of Christian boys (devshirme)

Question 25

England's Bureaucratic Elites

Answer 25

"Justices of Peace" who maintained law and order

Question 26

Boyars

Answer 26

Russia's bureaucratic elites that owned and governed land

Question 27

Oprichnina

Answer 27

Ivan IV's secret military force that did his will

Question 28

Zamindars

Answer 28

Paid Mughal government officials who had specific jobs like collecting taxes

Question 29

Divine Right of Kings

Answer 29

The belief that God gave kings the right to rule

Question 30

Askia the Great

Answer 30

Made Islam West Africa's official religion and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 31

Filial Piety

Answer 31

A Confucianist principle that emphasized respect of elders and the emperor

Question 32

Taj Mahal

Answer 32

A monument built in the Mughal Empire to display power and honor Shah Jahan's wife

Question 33

Ottoman Artichetual Achievements

Answer 33

The Sulaymaniyah Mosque and Islamized Hagia Sophia Church by Suleman I

Question 34

Palace of Versailles

Answer 34

A monument in France by Louis XIV that showed power and allowed him to watch over nobles

Question 35

China Architectural Achievements

Answer 35

The Forbidden Palace by Ming Emperor Yongle and Qing Imperial Portraits

Question 36

Russia's Tax System

Answer 36

Changed from a land tax to head (individual) tax

Question 37

Tax Farming

Answer 37

Private officials such as in the Ottomans collect taxes for the state

Question 38

Ming China's Tax System

Answer 38

Collected tributes (gold/other valuables) from other states

Question 39

Incan Mit'a System

Answer 39

Mandatory public service was used as a tax

Question 40

Russia's Social Hierarchy

Answer 40

Boyars, Merchants, then Peasants/Serfs

Question 41

Japan's Social Hierarchy

Answer 41

Emperor, Shogun, Daimyos, Samurais, Peasants

Question 42

Ieyasu Tokugawa

Answer 42

Forbade Christianity from entering Japan and forced officials to have a house in Tokyo where either they or their family lived to keep them loyal

Question 43

Protestant Reformation

Answer 43

Led by Martin Luther who disliked the Roman Catholic's corruption of simony (buying high positions in the church) and indulgences (buying pardons for sins)

Question 44

Calvinism

Answer 44

Branch of Christianity by John Calvin that believed God decided for certain people to go to heaven and hell and the "protestant work ethic" was a sign of salvation

Question 45

Anglicanism

Answer 45

Created by Prince Henry VIII because the pope wouldn't let him divorce

Question 46

Counter-Reformation

Answer 46

The Catholic's rebuttal to the Protestant Reformation utilized inquisition courts to find other religions guilty, missionaries to spread their religion, and the Council of Trent to fix some of their corruptions

Question 47

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 47

Allowed individual German states to choose between Catholicism and Protestant

Question 48

Edict of Nantes

Answer 48

Signed by Prince Henry VIII to allow religious freedom

Question 49

30 Years War

Answer 49

A religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire

Question 50

Peace of Westaphalia

Answer 50

Allowed Holy Roman Empire states to choose between Lutheranism, Calvinism, or Catholicism

Question 51

Causes of Conflict between Ottomans and Safavids

Answer 51

Differing theologies (Otto. Sunni / Safa. Shia) and trade embargos

Question 52

Sikhism

Answer 52

Founded by Guru Nanak, a syncretic blend between Islam and Hindu where the religion was monotheistic but believed in the cycle of rebirth