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APWH Sem. 2 Final > Unit 1 (1200-1450) > Flashcards

Unit 1 (1200-1450) Flashcards

1
Q

Song Dynasty

A

A dynasty that took over China at the beginning of this period, re-establishing the Confucian style government exam for its imperial bureaucracy

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2
Q

Confucianism

A

A philosophical belief system that emphasized patriarchy (male leadership/respect), filial piety (respect for elders), and education

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3
Q

Champa Rice

A

Drought resistance rice from Vietnam that helped grow populations

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4
Q

Printing Press

A

Helped mainly Buddhists spread their religious texts

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5
Q

Iron Manufacturing

A

China’s discovery of coal allowed it to manufacture goods

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6
Q

Grand Canal

A

A man-made water system that connected parts of China

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7
Q

Proto-Industrialization

A

Early industrialism in China because of their manufacturing (thanks to the Song Dynasty, they started to trade more precious goods like silk and porcelain)

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8
Q

Paper Money

A

Another distribution thanks to the Song Dynasty which replaced cumbersome metal cash

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9
Q

Foot Binding

A

A social practice where women binded their feet as a sign of submission and wealth

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10
Q

Syncretic Religions

A

A blend of religions

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11
Q

Zen Buddhism

A

Buddhism with Daoist principle of meditation

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12
Q

Neo Confucianism

A

Buddhism combined with Confucianism where Buddhism led the spiritual life and Confucianism led the material world

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13
Q

Korea and China

A

Confucianism decreased women’s rights but Korea developed their alphabet Hangul to separate their culture

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14
Q

Japan and China

A

Japan adopted China’s court style, tax system, and had a Chinese style capital, showing how along with China spread its influence (sinification) along with Confucianism and Buddhism however women continued to have more rights and Japan had smaller kingdoms run by shoguns

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15
Q

Sinification

A

The spread of Chinese culture

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16
Q

Vietnam and China

A

Adopted Confucianism/Daoism, their exam style, administrative techniques, and art style but women also had greater rights here

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17
Q

Abbasid Caliphate

A

A large, old Muslim empire that fell due to shifting trade routes, the Mongols, and Turkish invasions

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18
Q

Seljuk and Mamluk Empires

A

Empires made of groups that were minorities under the Abbasid Caliphate that overthrew their rulers (Seljuks were Muslims and Mamluks were Egyptians who were forced to work as bureaucrats like the devshirme)

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19
Q

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

A

Muslim scholar that helped develop trigonometry and charted planetary movement

20
Q

House of Wisdom

A

A center of Muslim learning in Baghdad

21
Q

Madrasas

A

Muslim universities

22
Q

Sharia Law

A

Muslim principles and guidelines that created common legal systems

23
Q

Al-Andalus

A

Muslim controlled Spain that Muslim, Indian, and Chines knowledge all spread into Europe through

24
Q

Hinduism

A

Polytheistic religion that believes one must get karma in order to escape a cycle of reincarnation (samsara) and unite with their god and has a caste system based off of one’s level of karma also determining social class

25
Q

Buddhism

A

Like Hinduism but has no god so focuses on getting to nirvana (union with the universe) in Theravada Budd. and on the grace of spiritual guides who help one reach nirvana in Mahyanna Budd.

26
Q

Isalm

A

Monotheistic religion that used trade and military conquest to spread across SE Asia; attracted low caste Hindus because it treated everyone easily

27
Q

Bhakti Movement of Hinduism

A

Emphasized the importance of emotion over studying texts in life, devotion to one deity, and did not discriminate against women or those of low caste

28
Q

Qutub Minar

A

An example of religion impacting political structures as this was a building mixed between Muslim and Hindu architecture

29
Q

Vijayanagara Empire

A

Hindu kingdom that relied on Indian Ocean trade to maintain power

30
Q

Rajput Kingdoms

A

Small kingdoms that often fought with each other, leaving them open to Muslim attack

31
Q

Delhi Sultanate

A

Muslim kingdom that conquered most of Northern India including the Rajput Kingdom and imposed the jizya tax (on all non-Muslims) however they were not very successful in their attempt to convert Hindus to Islam

32
Q

Khmer Empire

A

A Hindu/Buddhist kingdom that gained power through irrigation systems and maritime trade; built the Angkor Wat to show power

33
Q

Matrilineal Society

A

A social structure in the Americas that determined everything based on the mother; married couples lived with the women’s family and women had power over property and agriculture

34
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

The capital of the Aztec Empire that utilized chinampas (floating gardens for more farm land) and human sacrifices to their gods

35
Q

Pachacuti

A

A tribal leader who established the Incan Empire by conquering and uniting multiple tribes. Used the mit’a system to force these people into mandatory public service as a form of taxes, and built the Carpa Nan to connect the lands and maintain control

36
Q

Hausa Kingdoms

A

City-states in Sub-Saharan Africa which demonstrated how many governments were decentralized, only connected through kinship as male chiefs each governed their families. When population grew this changed to more centralized/larger kingdoms

37
Q

Ghana

A

Muslim leaders traded gold and ivory for salt and centralized government with iron weapons

38
Q

Mali

A

Led by Sundiata the Lion King and son of Mansa Musa who grew strong through the thriving gold trade and established bonds with other countries based off their shared Isalmic beliefs

39
Q

Zimbabwe

A

Chiefs built Zimbabwes (stone dwellings) to show their power and was protected by the Great Zimb. (stone walls). Spoke Swahili, a blend of African Bantu and Arabi

40
Q

Ethiopia

A

A Christian East Afr. kingdom that built churches out of stone to show power, participated in the East African slave trade, and is said to be the home of the coffee bean

41
Q

Indian Ocean/East Afr. Slave Trade

A

African prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals were sent to India and Arabia to work in shipyards and sugar plantations

42
Q

Feudalism

A

Europe’s political system where monarchs gave fiefs (pieces of land) to lords who gave them land in exchange for protection and serfs protection in exchange for farming the land

43
Q

Serfdom

A

A labor system where serfs were tied to the land and were unable to marry or travel without their lord’s permission

44
Q

Crusades

A

Religious wars between Christians and Muslims in Asia which increased the European’s demands for Asian luxury goods and allowed for Muslim and Greek knowledge to spread into Europe

45
Q

Black Death

A

Killed 1/3 of Europe’s population and weakened feudal lords

46
Q

Little Ice Age

A

A time when city growth and trade slowed down because of temperatures

APWH Sem. 2 Final (8 decks)

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