Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Revolution

A

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system; Sub-types, Political, Social, Religious, Technological/Industrial EX: French Revolution, American Revolution

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2
Q

3 Criteria for Revolution

A
  1. Upset with status Quo (existing state of affairs)
  2. Present a Plan
  3. Plan put in action AND a change happens
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3
Q

Tragic Necessity

A

When something tragic had to happen for something good to happen; EX: American Revolution, Protestant Reformation

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4
Q

Renaissance

A

In French means “Rebirth”; Began in Italy in 1300’s; Spread to northern Europe in 1400’s; significant change in art, literature, education

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5
Q

Humanism

A

Study of classical work from literature from ancient world; believed learning a variety of topics led to better life on earth

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6
Q

Classical Scholarship

A

People studying classical world of Romans and Greek

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7
Q

Secularism

A

life is opportunity for enjoyment + pleasure; religion should not be center of human affairs

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8
Q

Individualism

A

Human worth; 1 can be better than a whole community; allowed artists, architects, authors, composers to use imagination

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9
Q

Christian Humanism

A

North Reniassance; Christian humanists focused on history of Christianity what they believed to be law of love revealed by Jesus Christ.

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10
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

“Renaissance Man”; was good at engineering, architecture, music, anatomy, dissecting horses ,human cadavers to learn how bones and muscles worked together

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11
Q

Indulgence

A

Def: Passes to shorten the time spent in purgatory before heaven; Could buy before the sin, and for dead people; Catholic Church is basically selling tickets to heaven

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12
Q

Inquisition

A

Religious court; for religious crimes; All in the name of God; In Spain;

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13
Q

Martin Luther

A

German Catholic priest; Saw priests acting sinfully, and decided to create his own church because church was corrupt; Nail 95 Theses to the door of the church; People realized Luther was right and joined him; Excommunicated from the Church; Launched Protestant Reformation, Protestism;

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14
Q

Catholic Reformation

A

To many people were joining Luther so the church made new rules: Valid Priests, No more indulgences, Sent Missionaries, Traditional Catholic beliefs

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15
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Problems in the Roman Catholic Church; Protestant, Protest; Made a new church, started this;

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16
Q

95 Theses

A

Nailed to the door of the Church by Martin Luther;

17
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

The end of using the Bible to explain Earth; Proves many things are wrong about what the Church said; Time of trial and error; Importants people: Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Issac Newton;

18
Q

Scientific Method

A

7 Step way to prove something; 1. Think about problem/develop a purpose question, 2. Research/Observe/Provide previous knowledge, 3. Come up with hypothesis, 4. Conduct experiment, 5. Collect and analyze data, 6. Develop conclusion, 7. Further questioning;

19
Q

Ptolemy

A

Said that everything revolves aroung the earth; Told the Catholic church this and the Church believed;

20
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Polish astronomer; Published a book (1543) On The Revolution of the Celestial Spheres; Contradicts Ptolemy; Earth and planets revolve around sun; Galileo Galilei proved his theory;

21
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Proved Copernicus’s Theory; Known for using experiments to prove theory; Italian; 1st to see craters/mountains on the moon

22
Q

Sir Isaac Newton

A

Principia Mathematica (1687) peak of revolution; Proved so many theories they becam laws; Most famous laws, gravity, motion

23
Q

King Louis XVI

A

King of France during the French Revolution; Sparked the storming of the Bastille; Forced to move out of Versailles and to move to Paris; Tried to escape Paris, no luck; Killed by the guillotine in 1793;

24
Q

Marie Antionette

A

Wife of King Louis XVI; Queen of France during French Revolution; Did not say “Let them eat cake.”; Guillotined in October of 1793;

25
Q

Jacobins

A

Tried to hijack the revolution; A group of radical revolutionaries who thought the kingis giving away the throne; Declared France a republic in 1792; Assembly fired at Jacobins as they were trying to make a Republic;

26
Q

Reign of Terror

A

French Gov. sent army to countryside to steal from itself; Between 1793-99, 16000 guillotined; More killed by guns; Committee of Public Safety lead by Maximillien Robespierre; 10 years

27
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Seized control in 1799; Dictator of France; First ruler since King Louis XVI; Was a French general;

28
Q

National Assembly

A

3rd Estate; Made themselves an assembly; Tennis Court Oath; Stormed the Basstile to gain weaponry to fight; Released the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen; Women stormed Versailles and dragged the King/Queen to Paris

29
Q

3 Estates

A

1st Estate, Clergy, didn’t have to pay taxes; 2nd Estate, Nobility, payed little taxes if any; 3rd Estate, National Assembly, payed all taxes, 98% of people, fight in all wars, have no representation;

30
Q

Maximilien Robespierre

A

Order a lot of killings; Head of Committee of Public Safety; Did not like Church of Loyalty;

31
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

A change from handicraft economy to one dominated by the industry; Started in GB in the 18th century; Spread across the world; Child labor sparked; Many innovations; Population moved from rural ares to cities;

32
Q

Mohamed Bouazizi

A

Lived in Tunisia; Was a fruit cart owner; Set off revolution; Stood outside local gov. building and set himself on fire; Showed that the gov. was corrupt/authoritarian;

33
Q

Refugee

A

Def: A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster; Lots of these Arab Spring countries had refugee crisis’s;

34
Q

Arab Spring

A

In Northern Africa/Middle East; Revolution; Sparked by Bouazizi; Revolution spread through Northern Africa/Middle East from social media; Revolted because of corrupt/authotarian gov.; Some countries still fighting;

35
Q

Child Labor

A

Could work for lower wages; Mistreated; Smaller for smaller work spaces; Sparked during Industrial Revolution; Illegal now;