Unit 3 Flashcards
Revolution
A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system; Sub-types, Political, Social, Religious, Technological/Industrial EX: French Revolution, American Revolution
3 Criteria for Revolution
- Upset with status Quo (existing state of affairs)
- Present a Plan
- Plan put in action AND a change happens
Tragic Necessity
When something tragic had to happen for something good to happen; EX: American Revolution, Protestant Reformation
Renaissance
In French means “Rebirth”; Began in Italy in 1300’s; Spread to northern Europe in 1400’s; significant change in art, literature, education
Humanism
Study of classical work from literature from ancient world; believed learning a variety of topics led to better life on earth
Classical Scholarship
People studying classical world of Romans and Greek
Secularism
life is opportunity for enjoyment + pleasure; religion should not be center of human affairs
Individualism
Human worth; 1 can be better than a whole community; allowed artists, architects, authors, composers to use imagination
Christian Humanism
North Reniassance; Christian humanists focused on history of Christianity what they believed to be law of love revealed by Jesus Christ.
Leonardo da Vinci
“Renaissance Man”; was good at engineering, architecture, music, anatomy, dissecting horses ,human cadavers to learn how bones and muscles worked together
Indulgence
Def: Passes to shorten the time spent in purgatory before heaven; Could buy before the sin, and for dead people; Catholic Church is basically selling tickets to heaven
Inquisition
Religious court; for religious crimes; All in the name of God; In Spain;
Martin Luther
German Catholic priest; Saw priests acting sinfully, and decided to create his own church because church was corrupt; Nail 95 Theses to the door of the church; People realized Luther was right and joined him; Excommunicated from the Church; Launched Protestant Reformation, Protestism;
Catholic Reformation
To many people were joining Luther so the church made new rules: Valid Priests, No more indulgences, Sent Missionaries, Traditional Catholic beliefs
Protestant Reformation
Problems in the Roman Catholic Church; Protestant, Protest; Made a new church, started this;
95 Theses
Nailed to the door of the Church by Martin Luther;
Scientific Revolution
The end of using the Bible to explain Earth; Proves many things are wrong about what the Church said; Time of trial and error; Importants people: Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Issac Newton;
Scientific Method
7 Step way to prove something; 1. Think about problem/develop a purpose question, 2. Research/Observe/Provide previous knowledge, 3. Come up with hypothesis, 4. Conduct experiment, 5. Collect and analyze data, 6. Develop conclusion, 7. Further questioning;
Ptolemy
Said that everything revolves aroung the earth; Told the Catholic church this and the Church believed;
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer; Published a book (1543) On The Revolution of the Celestial Spheres; Contradicts Ptolemy; Earth and planets revolve around sun; Galileo Galilei proved his theory;
Galileo Galilei
Proved Copernicus’s Theory; Known for using experiments to prove theory; Italian; 1st to see craters/mountains on the moon
Sir Isaac Newton
Principia Mathematica (1687) peak of revolution; Proved so many theories they becam laws; Most famous laws, gravity, motion
King Louis XVI
King of France during the French Revolution; Sparked the storming of the Bastille; Forced to move out of Versailles and to move to Paris; Tried to escape Paris, no luck; Killed by the guillotine in 1793;
Marie Antionette
Wife of King Louis XVI; Queen of France during French Revolution; Did not say “Let them eat cake.”; Guillotined in October of 1793;
