Unit 3 Flashcards
Fall of the Roman Empire
began in 476 AD because of of the loss of central political enforcement of rules and its territories being invaded by vikings and other germanic tribes
Germanic tribes
The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. (Franks, Goths, Saxons, Visigoths, Lombards, Jutes, Angles, Ostrogoths)
Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD
Attila the Hun
Attila, frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death, in March 453. He was also the leader of an empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans, and Bulgars, among others, in Central and Eastern Europe
Kingdom of the Visigoths
One of the most important of the Germanic peoples, the Visigoths separated from the Ostrogoths in the 4th century ad, raided Roman territories repeatedly, and established great kingdoms in Gaul and Spain. The Visigoth Kingdom ended when the Frank king, Clovis, defeated the Visigoth ruler Alaric II in battle. Alaric II was killed, and areas once controlled by the Visigoths were seized by the Franks
Kingdom of Franks
The Kingdom of the Franks, also known as the Frankish Kingdom, the Frankish Empire or Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Frankish Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties during the Early Middle Ages
Clovis
Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of petty kings to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs
Monasteries
building occupied by monks under religious vows
Secular
(of clergy) not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in a monastic or other order.
Charles Martel
Charles Martel was a Frankish political and military leader who, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of the Franks from 718 until his death. He was a son of the Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal and a noblewoman named Alpaida. fought in the War in tours and won
Pepin the Short
Son of Charles Martel (q.v.), Pepin was the first king of the Carolingian dynasty and father of Charlemagne (q.v.); he became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and King in 751, having intrigued with pope Zachary to depose Childeric III (q.v.); he was the first Frankish king to be anointed.
Battle of Tours
At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe
Major Domo
chief of the house.” In its earliest uses, majordomo referred to the head steward of a royal household. The position was a high one with some relatively weighty responsibilities
Charlemagne
Charlemagne has been called the “Father of Europe” (Pater Europae), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire, as well as uniting parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish or Roman rule.
Treaty of Verdum
treaty partitioning the Carolingian empire among the three surviving sons of the emperor Louis I (the Pious). The treaty was the first stage in the dissolution of the empire of Charlemagne and foreshadowed the formation of the modern countries of western Europe.
vikings
The Viking Age (793–1066 CE) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonising, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America.
Leif Ericsson
Leif Erikson, also known as Leif the Lucky, was a Norse explorer who is thought to have been the first European to set foot on continental America, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus
invasions by Magyars and Muslims
What are the impact of Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions on medevial Europe? they caused a widespread disorder. People turned to local rulers who had their own armies. Explain how and why the feudal system emerged with Europe.
Feudalism
the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
Manor
The medieval manor was a large estate granted to a lord by the king. The manor house served as the communal center of the manor as well as the residence of the lord and his family. Peasants were allowed to live on the manor in exchange for working the land reserved for the lord, known as the demesne
Chivalry
the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.
Knights
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the ancient Greek hippeis and Roman equites.
Epic Poetry
A long narrative poem in which a heroic protagonist engages in an action of great mythic or historical significance.
Troubadours
a French medieval lyric poet composing and singing in Provençal in the 11th to 13th centuries, especially on the theme of courtly love.
