Unit 2

Question 1

articles of Confederation

Answer 1

an agreement made from the 13 states or the 13 colonies that serves the nation’s first frame of government

Question 2

Constitutional Convention

Answer 2

a meeting met in may and september 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 3

U.S. Constitution

Answer 3

The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation’s first constitution, in 1789.

Question 4

three branches of government

Answer 4

The Federal Government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the Federal courts, respectively.

Question 5

executive branch

Answer 5

• enforces the laws

Question 6

legislative branch

Answer 6

makes the laws

Question 7

Judicial branch

Answer 7

interprets the laws

Question 8

Limited Government

Answer 8

government is limited both in the exercise of its delegated powers and in the means it can employ, which must be both “necessary and proper.”

Question 9

Separation of Powers

Answer 9

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Question 10

Checks and Balances

Answer 10

provides each branch of government with individual powers to check the other branches and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Question 11

Federalism

Answer 11

Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two.

Question 12

Popular Vote

Answer 12

The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact is an agreement among a group of U.S. states and the District of Columbia to award all their electoral votes to whichever presidential ticket wins the overall popular vote in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Question 13

Electoral College

Answer 13

The Electoral College is how we refer to the process by which the United States elects the President, even though that term does not appear in the U.S. Constitution. In this process, the States (which includes the District of Columbia just for this process) elect the President and Vice President.

Question 14

13th Amendment

Answer 14

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Question 15

14th Amendment

Answer 15

14th Amendment - Citizenship Rights, Equal Protection, Apportionment, Civil War Debt

Question 16

15th Amendment

Answer 16

Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote.

Question 17

19th Amendment

Answer 17

Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. The 19th amendment legally guarantees American women the right to vote.

Question 18

24th Amendment

Answer 18

prohibited the federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen could participate in a federal election

Question 19

26th Amendment

Answer 19

established a nationally standardized minimum age of eighteen for participation in state and federal elections.

Question 20

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 20

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”

Question 21

Emancipation in Washington, D.C.

Answer 21

On April 16, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia. Passage of this law came 8 1/2 months before President Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation

Question 22

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 22

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.

Question 23

separate but equal

Answer 23

comes from part of the Court’s decision that argued separate rail cars for whites and African Americans were equal at least as required by the Equal Protection Clause.

Question 24

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 24

mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some others, beginning in the 1870s.

Question 25

Farmville

Answer 25

Schools between blacks and whites were segregated and this was unfair for blacks issuing a case called Brown v. Board

Question 26

Brown v. Board

Answer 26

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. Wikipedia

Question 27

brown v. board II

Answer 27

Brown II did make it clear that schools in the United States would have to de-segregate. It also set out a process for making sure schools integrated, by giving federal district courts the power to supervise the schools, control how long they could have to de-segregate, and punish them if they refused to integrate.

Question 28

De Jure

Answer 28

Judicial rulings and legislation passed during the era of the Civil Rights Movement ended de jure segregation, separation that was mandated by law and enforced by the government. But de facto segregation — separation that exists even though laws do not require it — persists to the present day.

Question 29

De Facto

Answer 29

De facto segregation was a term used during the 1960s racial integration efforts in schools, to describe a situation in which legislation did not overtly segregate students by race, but nevertheless school segregation continued

Question 30

Poll tax

Answer 30

A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources

Question 31

Literacy Test

Answer 31

Literacy tests were used to keep people of color – and, sometimes, poor whites – from voting, and they were administered at the discretion of the officials in charge of voter registration.

Question 32

Grandfather Clause

Answer 32

many states used the “grandfather clause “ to keep descendents of slaves out of elections. The clause said you could not vote unless your grandfather had voted – an impossibility for most people whose ancestors were slaves.

Question 33

Gerrymandering

Answer 33

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

Question 34

Voting Rights Act

Answer 34

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

Question 35

Census

Answer 35

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

Question 36

Letter from Birmingham Jail

Answer 36

The “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, also known as the “Letter from Birmingham City Jail” and “The Negro Is Your Brother”, is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 37

Statement by Alabama Clergymen

Answer 37

The open letter was in response to a public statement from eight Alabama clergymen who were largely sympathetic to ending segregation but wanted King and others to pursue it gradually through the courts, not public demonstrations, which they said were “unwise and untimely” and “led in part by outsiders” like King

Question 38

Title IX

Answer 38

Title IX is the most commonly used name for the federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government

Question 39

Political participation

Answer 39

Public participation is the engagement of individuals with the various structures and institutions of democracy, including voting, contacting a political representative, campaigning and lobbying, and taking part in consultations and demonstrations.

Question 40

Election Deniers

Answer 40

election deniers have been broadly characterized as believing in and spreading conspiracy theories and false claims about voter fraud

Question 41

Mail-in-Voting

Answer 41

voting and mailing the ballot

Question 42

voter fraud

Answer 42

Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both.

Question 43

Ballot boxes

Answer 43

boxes in which hold the votes made by voters

Question 44

Election Integrity

Answer 44

the right to vote in a free and fair election

Question 45

Poll monitors

Answer 45

authorized individuals to observe or step in the electoral process or polling places

Question 46

Demographics

Answer 46

relating to the structure of the populations

Question 47

Voter turnout/ participation

Answer 47

the participation rate of a given election. the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people