Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
A branch of medical science that tracts and controls public health problems. A medical detective that looks for patterns.
A
Epidemiologist
2
Q
A disease perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area
A
Epidemic
3
Q
A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease in a localized area.
A
Outbreak
4
Q
An epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people.
A
Pandemic
5
Q
Non-living particles with DNA or RNA that can infect living cells and use them to reproduce
A
Viruses
6
Q
Single celled organisms, prokaryotic, most are beneficial but some pathogenic to human
A
Bacteria
7
Q
Eukaryotic cells relate to mushrooms, some cause infections in humans (usually mild, but not always.)
A
Fungi
8
Q
Single celled microscopic animals, some of which act as parasites in humans
A
Protozoa
9
Q
An infectious protein
A
Prions
10
Q
Parasitic worms, multicellular, use humans as host
A
Helminths
11
Q
Epidemiologist
A
A branch of medical science that tracts and controls public health problems. A medical detective that looks for patterns.
12
Q
Epidemic
A
A disease perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area
13
Q
Outbreak
A
A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease in a localized area.
14
Q
Pandemic
A
An epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people.
15
Q
Virus
A
Non-living particles with DNA or RNA that can infect living cells and use them to reproduce
16
Q
Bateria
A
Single celled organisms, prokaryotic, most are beneficial but some pathogenic to human
17
Q
Fungi
A
Eukaryotic cells relate to mushrooms, some cause infections in humans (usually mild, but not always.)
18
Q
Protozoa
A
Single celled microscopic animals, some of which act as parasites in humans
19
Q
Prion
A
An infectious protein
20
Q
Helmith
A
Parasitic worms, multicellular, use humans as host
21
Q
Pinworm
A
Helminth
22
Q
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
A
Prion
23
Q
Ebola
A
Virus
24
Q
Candida
A
Fungi
25
Brain eating amoeba
Protozoa
26
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Prion
27
Mycobacterium leprae
Bacteria
28
Guinea Worms
Helminth
29
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bacteria
30
Polio
Virus
31
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Bacteria
32
Rabies
Virus
33
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteria
34
Malaria
Protozoa
35
Variola
Virus
36
Yersinia pestis
Bacteria
37
Giardia
Protozoa
38
Bacillus anthracis
Bacteria
39
Group A Streptococcus
Bacteria
40
Influenza
Virus
41
Tapeworm
Helminth
42
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Bacteria
43
Aspergillus
Fungi
44
Kuru
Prion
45
Toxoplasma gondii
Protozoa
46
Patient zero
Refers to the person identified as the first carrier of a communicable disease in an outbreak of related cases
47
Index case
Patient zero
48
The cause of a disease or condition
Etiology
49
Flu
Virus
50
Athlete's foot
Fungi
51
Familial hypercholesterolemia Etiology
gene mutation
52
Refers to the person identified as the first carrier of a communicable disease in an outbreak of related cases
Patient zero
53
Etiology
The cause of a disease or condition
54
Patient zero is also known as
Index patient
55
Rod shape cell
Bacteria
56
Education requirements for EMT
CPR certification
BLS
57
EMT professional licensure
NREMT (National registry for emergency medical technicians
Paramedic exam
or
State certification exam
58
Steps to assessing a medical/trauma scene
Control the situation
Look for potential hazards
Assess the situation
59
Parts of risk assessment at a medical/trauma scene
Important dispatch information
Location of emergency
extent of emergency
scene dangers
number of injured or ill
behavior of patient/bystanders
60
Steps of primary assessment of a patient
General impression
Mechanism of injury
patient's responsiveness
Stabilize spine if needed
Check ABC's
61
What are ABC's related to medical care
Air way
Breathing
Circulation
62
Steps of secondary assessment related to medical care
rapid physical assessment
vital signs
patient history
Appropriate care
63
Anaphylaxis
A severe allergic reaction that can quickly lead to a constricted airway, shock or low BP. Can result in death if not treated.
64
Skin turgor
measure of skin elasticity and can indicate dehydration
65
What is used to treat anaphylaxis
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
66
Enteral drugs
medication that enters the body through the digestive tract
67
Parenteral drugs
drugs that enter the body in way other than the digestive tract
68
Routes of delivery of enteral drugs
Oral
Rectal
69
Routes of delivery of parenteral drugs
Inhaled
topical
injection/infusion
70
Intravenous Injection (IV)
Delivered directly into a vein; used when needed quickly or cannot be taken by mouth
71
Intramuscular Injection
delivered into muscle tissue where it can be quickly absorbed into the blood stream; quicker than subcutaneous and easier than IV
72
Subcutaneous Injection
delivered into the tissue layers under the skin but above the muscle; used to deliver medicine quickly but takes longer than IV
73
Pills and liquids are examples of what type of drug delivery
Enteral through mouth
74
Suppositories and enemas are examples of what type of drug delivery
Enteral through rectum
75
Nasal sprays and inhalers are examples of what type of drug delivery
Parenteral inhaled
76
Skin creams and ointments, ear drops and eye drops are examples of what type of drug delivery
Parenteral topical
77
Injection
Parenteral delivery of a drug to deliver drug quickly
78
Infusion
Parenteral delivery of a fluid and or medication through the veins over a period of time
79
What factors are used to determine a proper dose
age
weight
sex
symptoms
80
symptoms of dehydrations
weakness
fainting
increased heart rate
increased respiration
shock
81
semipermeable
Allow some substances to cross, but not others;
Outermost membrane of a cell
82
diffuse related to cells
the way water molecules move in and out of cells
83
solution
a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)
84
Solvent
the part of a solution doing the dissolving
85
Solute
the substance being dissolved
86
Hypotonic
low water levels, so the water moves into the cell
87
Isotonic
water levels are equal, so water moves in and out of the cell
88
Hypertonic
high water levels, so water moves out of the cell
89
Why is saline solution used instead of distilled water in IV?
Saline is isotonic so it won't over hydrate a cell which could happen with distilled water
90
What happens from initial injury until successful clotting
Positive feedback loop
injured blood vessel
constriction of the blood vessel
Platelets
Chemical Signals
Platelet Plug
End of feedback cycle
91
Negative feedback system
occurs to reduce the change in the body and bring the system back to a stable state
Example: when one has low blood sugar the liver is signaled to release glucagon to bring the blood sugar back up
92
Positive feed back system
occurs to increase or amplify the reaction such as the release of oxytocin during labor to speed the contractions
93
ABC's of controlling bleeding
Alert: call 911 or have someone call 911
Bleeding: Find source and determine if life threatening
Compress: all pressure to the wound to help the vessels clot
94
When is bleeding life threatening?
Blood won't stop
blood spurting
blood pooling
soaked clothing
soaked bandages
victim confused or unconscious
victim lost all or part of limb
95
see chart page 35
96
Is venous or arterial blood more urgent to treat?
Arterial because the blood is being pumped out of the strongest chamber of the heart
97
Difference between arterial and venous bleed
Venous bleed is slower than arterial bleed because of blood pressure
98
How does packing a wound affect the rate of blood loss compared to a compress
Packing slows it more because there are more layers
99
Tourniquet
stops bleeding by cutting off blood circulation
100
Drawbacks to using a tourniquet
can only be used for 2 hours before causing irreversible tissue damage to the rest of the limb
101
What type of bleed spurts?
Arterial
102
Triage Categories
emergent: highest priority needs care immediately
urgent: needs care quickly, but can be delayed temporarily
semi-urgent: Need care but can wait until higher priority patients are cared for
non-urgent: Lowest priority of care
103
Medical surge
occurs when the number of new patients challenges or exceeds a hospital's ability to serve them all
104
Surge capacity
the measure of how many patients a medical facility can triage, treat and manage in addition to its normal average number of patients
105
What is used to treat a bacterial infection
antibiotics
106
Are antibiotics used to treat virial infections?
no
107
What is the benefit of using artificial intelligence in analyzing data?
it can go through the data faster
108
Aseptic technique
the process of preventing contamination with outside things such as bacteria, etc...
109
why is aseptic technique important when doing microbiology?
to get to view a single conlony
110
removing gloves see page 15
111
microbiologist
scientist who studies microorganisms like viruses, bacteria and fungi using microscopes and cultures
112
Latex glove (use)
maintain aseptic technique and to prevent contamination when handling microorganisms
113
agar plate
a solid medium to help grow and isolate microoganisms
114
inoculation loop
used to transfer and streak microorganisms onto the agar plate
115
LB nutrient agar
used to provide a rich nutrient source for the growth of bacteria
116
inoculator
used to create a warm and controlled environment for microorganisms to grow
117
what is culturing a bacteria
growing bacteria in a controlled environment such as on agar plates or in liquid medium
118
Why are cultures done?
to study and identify specific types of bacteria and to understand their characteristics
119
What is required for a culture to grow?
nutrients
proper temperature
120
see page 17 streaking plates
121
scientist who studies microorganisms like viruses, bacteria and fungi using microscopes and cultures
microbiologist
122
worn to maintain aseptic technique and to prevent contamination when handling microorganisms
gloves
123
a solid medium to help grow and isolate microorganisms
agar plate
124
used to transfer and streak microorganisms onto the agar plate
inoculation loop
125
used to provide a rich nutrient source for the growth of bacteria
LB nutrient agar
126
used to create a warm and controlled environment for microorganisms to grow
inoculator
127
growing bacteria in a controlled environment such as on agar plates or in liquid medium
culturing a bacteria
