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PBS > 1.2 Part C > Flashcards

1.2 Part C Flashcards

1
Q

The professional who test nonbiological samples such as powders, pills and other substances; to determine their identity, components and concentration

A

Forensic Chemist

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2
Q

Two types of test a forensic chemist use:

A

Presumptive
Confirmatory

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3
Q

Forensic Toxicology Lab
Experimental Problem

A

Determining what the unknown substance was

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4
Q

Forensic Toxicology Lab
Three things to keep constant

A
  1. Amount of the drug
  2. The same indicator
  3. Time frame that results were viewed
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5
Q

Painkiller available OTC (over the counter), very common

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid
(Aspirin)

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6
Q

Common OTC (over the counter) painkiller and fever reducer

A

Acetaminophen

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7
Q

Opioid painkiller that requires a prescription to obtain and is highly addictive.

A

Oxycodone

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8
Q

Illicit drug commonly found on college campuses

A

Ecstasy

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9
Q

All the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord make up the

A

PNS
Peripheral Nervous System

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10
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up the

A

CNS
Central Nervous System

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11
Q

Lobe of the brain responsible for planning and organizing incoming information; controls behavior and emotions

A

Frontal Lobe

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12
Q

What are the functions of the Frontal Lobe

A

Planning
Organization
Behavior
Emotions

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13
Q

Lobe used in processing of language and storing information in long term memory

A

Temporal Lobe

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14
Q

Functions of the
Temporal Lobe

A

Processing language
long term memory storage

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15
Q

Lob of the brain crucial in integrating sensory and visual information

A

Parietal Lobe

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16
Q

Functions of the
Parietal Lobe

A

Integrating sensory and visual information

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17
Q

Lobe that receives and processes sensory nerve impulses from the eyes

A

Occipital Lobe

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18
Q

Functions of the
Occipital Lobe

A

receives and processes sensory information from the eyes

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19
Q

An examination with the eyes to obtain diagnostic information

A

Gross Exam

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20
Q

Two methods used in performing a gross exam of a brain during an autopsy

A

MRI
Cross Sections

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21
Q

Two Kinds of Brain Injury

A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

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22
Q

What is TBI

A

Traumatic Brain Injury
brain disfunction caused by outside forces to the head

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23
Q

What is CTE

A

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
A progressive degeneration or death of nerve cells caused by repeated head injuries such as repeated concussions

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24
Q

The study of microscopic structures of the tissues

A

Histology

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25
Q

What does a histologist do?

A

Use microscopes to thoroughly examine tissues which is considered a gross examination

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26
Q

A group of cells form

A

Tissue

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27
Q

Specific tissue grouped together form

A

Organs

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28
Q

Organ system

A

organs working together to perform one or more larger function

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29
Q

composed of epithelial cells aligned in sheets and connected to one another

A

Epithelial Tissue

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30
Q

epithelial tissue is found

A

Lining the outer surface of all organs, blood vessels, and mouth

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31
Q

This tissue works to absorb, secrete, protect, and sense for us

A

Epithelial Tissue

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32
Q

This tissue supports and connects other tissue types in the body

A

Connective tissue

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33
Q

This tissue allows other tissues like the lungs to expand

A

Connective Tissue

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34
Q

Tissue found attached to and between other tissue types

A

Connective Tissue

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35
Q

Tissue that holds organs in place, attaches muscles to bones, links bones with joints

A

Connective Tissue

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36
Q

The spinal cord and the brain are composed of this tissue

A

Nervous Tissue

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37
Q

Tissue made up of specialized cells call neurons which works to receive, interpret, and respond to signals.

A

Nervous Tissue

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38
Q

Makes up the muscles in the body

A

Muscle Tissue

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39
Q

Three types of muscles

A

Striated
smooth
cardiac

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40
Q

Type of muscle tissue attached to bones

A

Striated muscles

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41
Q

Types of muscle found in the walls of internal organs

A

Smooth muscles

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42
Q

Type of muscle found in the heart that allows it to contract

A

Cardiac

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43
Q

The genome of cells contains

A

DNA sequence

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44
Q

What is DNA sequence

A

the information to make many thousands of different proteins and RNA molecules

*a cell typically only expresses a fraction of it’s genes

45
Q

What is the magnification of these objectives
4x
10x
40x
100x

A

40x
100x
400x
1000x

46
Q

What is a concussion

A

An injury to the head that causes the brain to quickly move back and forth hitting the inside of the skull

47
Q

What happens to the neurons during a concussion (Tau proteins)

A

The tau proteins can misfold and the neurons don’t work in isolation

48
Q

Short term effects/symptoms of concussion

A

headache
dizziness
cognitive/memory deficits
sensitivity to light
ringing in the ears
emotional irregularities
nausea/vomiting

49
Q

Long term effects of repeated concussions

A

problems with concentration
memory loss
headaches
sometimes affects physical
skills such as keeping
balance

50
Q

Histologist what do they do

A

Study all the tissues of the body to help a (ME) medical examiner determine cause of death (COD). They do this by looking for variation or characteristic markings on tissue

51
Q

Histology (def)

A

The study of tissues

52
Q

How many chambers are there in the heart

A

Four
R atrium
L atrium
R ventricle
L ventricle

53
Q

Are the Aorta and pulmonary artery
Anterior or Posterior on the heart

A

Anterior

54
Q

see page 72

A
55
Q

Apex (Def)

A

the top or highest part of something especially one forming a point

56
Q

Function of the coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to the heart

57
Q

Heart
general role of a pump

A

Pumps oxygen rich blood to the body

58
Q

Systemic Pump
what side and role

A

Left
Pumps blood to the body
(red)

59
Q

Pulmonary Pump
what side and role

A

Right
Pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygen
(blue)

60
Q

General role of heart chamber

A

receive or pump blood for the heart

61
Q

Role of the atriums

A

receives blood as it enters the heart
“receiving hall”

62
Q

Right Atrium (RA)
Function

A

Receives blood coming back from the body (blue)

63
Q

Left Atrium (LA)
Function

A

Receives blood coming back from the lungs (red)

64
Q

Role of ventricles

A

Pumps blood out of the heart

65
Q

Right ventricle function

A

Pushes blood to the lungs to get oxygenated (blue)

66
Q

Left ventricle function

A

Pushes blood to the body (red)

67
Q

General role of vessels

A

Provide a pathway in which blood travels

68
Q

Veins function

A

Vessels that return blood to the heart

69
Q

Two main Veins

A

Vena Cavas (Blue)
Pulmonary Vein (red)

70
Q

Vena Cavas Function

A

Brings blood back from the body (blue)

71
Q

Pulmonary vein function

A

Brings blood with oxygen back from the lungs (red)

72
Q

Arteries function

A

Carry blood away from the heart

73
Q

Two main arteries

A

Pulmonary arteries
Aorta

74
Q

Pulmonary artery function

A

Carries blood to the lungs to refuel (blue)

75
Q

Aorta function

A

carries blood with oxygen to the whole body (red)

76
Q

General role of a heart valve

A

Permits fluid in only one direction

77
Q

What are the two chambers of the heart

A

Atriums
ventricles

78
Q

What are the two types of vessels

A

Veins
Arteries

79
Q

What are the two types of valves

A

Atrioventricular
Semilunar

80
Q

Atrioventricular valve function

A

separates the atria from the ventricles

81
Q

Two types of Atrioventricular valves

A

Bicuspid (Mitral)
Tricuspid

82
Q

Bicuspid valve location

A

between LA &LV (red)

83
Q

Tricuspid valve location

A

between RA & RV (blue)

84
Q

Semilunar valve function

A

Separates each ventricle from artery leading out of the heart

85
Q

two types of semilunar valves

A

Aortic
Pulmonary

86
Q

aortic valve location

A

between the ascending aorta and LV (red)

87
Q

Pulmonary valve location

A

between RV and Pulmonary artery (blue)

88
Q

What side of the heart is attached to the lungs

A

Right

89
Q

Pulmonary loop function

A

takes oxygen poor blood and moves it to the lungs

90
Q

Systemic circulation function

A

provides blood to the body

91
Q

Journey of the RBC start LV

A

LV, Aortic valve, aorta, body (drop off O), Superior and inferior vena cava, RA, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs (get O), pulmonary vein, LA, Mitral/bicuspid valve, back to LV

92
Q

Angina

A

Partially occluded coronary artery

93
Q

Atherosclerosis with thrombus

A

affects people whose arteries are clogged with fatty deposits; these deposits cause the arteries to harden and narrow over time and increase the risk of blood clots

94
Q

affects people whose arteries are clogged with fatty deposits; these deposits cause the arteries to harden and narrow over time and increase the risk of blood clots

A

Atherosclerosis with thrombus

95
Q

Partially occluded coronary artery causes

A

Angina

96
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

ruptured plaque in the coronary artery which leads to death of heart muscle

97
Q

ruptured plaque in the coronary artery which leads to death of heart muscle

A

Myocardial infarction (MI)

98
Q

Aortic Valve Stenosis

A

Calcified aortic valve cannot completely open

99
Q

Calcified aortic valve cannot completely open

A

Aortic Valve Stenosis

100
Q

Paten foramen Ovale

A

A hole between the left and right atria of the heart

101
Q

A hole between the left and right atria of the heart

A

Paten foramen Ovale

102
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

Right ventricle walls become thin and weak and the blood remains in the ventricle. Left ventricle walls are unable to effectively pump blood and the blood remains in the ventricle

103
Q

Right ventricle walls become thin and weak and the blood remains in the ventricle. Left ventricle walls are unable to effectively pump blood and the blood remains in the ventricle

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

104
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

A

Affects the left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart. The walls become thick and stiff and eventually are unable to pump enough blood to sustain the body.

105
Q

Affects the left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart. The walls become thick and stiff and eventually are unable to pump enough blood to sustain the body.

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

106
Q

A birth defect of the heart where there is a hole in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

107
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

A

A birth defect of the heart where there is a hole in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart

108
Q

Bacterial Endocarditis

A

An infection of the hearts inner lining or heart valve; can have serious complications and lead to death

109
Q

An infection of the hearts inner lining or heart valve; can have serious complications and lead to death

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

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