Unit 3 Flashcards
The steps to Nunavut becoming a territory
1976 - the initial proposal to create Nunavut - Pierre Trudeau was the Prime Minister at the time and he was very educated (he was a Rhode Scholar)
1982 - the people of the North West Territories voted in favour of dividing the territories into 2 parts
1992-1993 - negotiations occur with the government of Canada for a comprehensive treaty to establish Nunavut
1993 - the final agreement is signed
1999 - Nunavut comes into existence on April 1st
2009 - the transition of full control by the Nunavut government is completed
self government
government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony
comprehensive treaty (modern treaties)
modern-day treaties made between Indigenous peoples and the federal government in areas where treaties were never signed
-are always about land
-hunting, fishing, and trapping rights
-financial compensation
-control of resources
the closest one is located in Hamilton
specific treaty
can be made where a comprehensive treaty already exists and is made because First Nations peoples feel that 1 or more terms of the original treaty were not met or were unfair
-not necessarily land related
population distribution
refers to the pattern of where people live in a region or country
-there are two main distribution patterns: dispersed and concentrated
population density
a mathematical calculation of the number of people that live in each square kilometre of land
survey system
a set of rules that control settlement land, size and shape of farms, future road patterns, town site locations, schools and churches
why were survey systems used?
the government planned out how, when, and where settlement would occur
Concession System of Southern Ontario
- agricultural resources similar to those found in Quebec
- settlement of Southern Ontario occurred after a survey system was already in place
- roads, and later, railways were available - access to major lakes and rivers was less important
- a variety of concession systems were used - roads were typically 2km apart and farms were 40-80 hectares in size
- groupings of concession blocks were called townships –> groups of townships were called counties
Sectional System of the Southern Prairies
- the Prairies were surveyed before major settlement occurred, using the section system that had been used in many areas of the United States
- it was very simple - the base line was the Canada-US border at 49 degrees North latitude
- it was divided into blocks 9.6km x 9.6km (94km2)
–> each block was then divided into 36 sections
–> each of which were divided into 4 lots called Quarter Sections (which were around 64 hectares in size) - the section system was originally built for the American Midwest which had substantially higher rainfall levels
- more successful farmers started to buy their neighbours’ farms - starting a process that became known as Farm Consolidation
Long Lots of Southern Quebec
- settled long before the development or railways and high-quality roads and before a survey system was in place
Most Important Influence:
–> agricultural resource
–> transportation was mainly by water
- long, thin farms were built along the St. Lawrence River and its tributaries
–> because each farm had to have access to the river for transportation - these farms were known as the long lots
- after the river lots were all taken, a second (maybe 3rd and 4th) row of long lots was settled along a road parallel to the river
demography
the study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues
net migration
the movement of large numbers of people from one place to another
immigrant
person who moves to a new country with the intentions of settling there
emigrant
to leave your country of origin and to live permanently in another country
birthrate
the number of births per thousand people
death rate
the number of deaths per thousand people
dependency load
portion of the population that is not the workforce; total number of people who are under 14 and over 65 years of age
Canada is often described as?
a cultural mosaic
assimilation
one culture group adopts the language, values, and traditions of the dominant culture
push factor
reasons to leave your own country
ex. cold/long winters, higher taxes
integration
one culture group preserves some distinct aspects of its own culture while adopting aspects of the dominant culture
pull factor
things that attract someone to another country ex. jobs, climate, family, education, healthcare
largest immigration provinces in Canada
Ontario (24%), B.C (23%), Alberta (15%), Manitoba (13%)
what are the 3 kinds of fish caught by Canadian fishers?
Ground Fish - fish that are caught near the ocean floor (e.g. cod, halibut, etc)
Pelagic Fish - fish that feed and are caught near the surface (e.g. salmon, tuna, etc)
Shell Fish - oysters, shrimp, lobster
intervening obstacles
factors that discourage or stop a person from following through with his or her decision to immigrate
renewable resource
a resource that replaces itself unless badly mismanaged
Why the Grand Banks provide an environment for ample fishing
the Atlantic Ocean has a wide continental shelf which is less than 200m in depth
- on the shelf are very shallow areas called Fishing Banks (Grand Banks) - an area that provides feeding and spawning ground for fish less than 150m
- in this area, sunlight penetrates to the bottom causing a lush growth of Plankton - microscopic plants and animals eaten by small fish and shell fish
–> this attracts a large number of fish
- the meeting of the Labrador current and warm Gulf stream at the Grand Banks churns up nutrients that are necessary for the growth of plankton
Primary Industry
Primary Industry
- industry that deals with the production of primary products (minerals that are mined, agricultural products harvested in its raw state)
- harvesting of raw materials - something that is used by an industry to be processed into a more finished state
- located where resources are found in specific areas
- only make up a small percentage of Canada’s labour force but is still vital
Secondary Industry
- industry that deals with manufacturing or construction
- manufacturing - processing of raw materials into a more finished state (e.g. lumber into logs is primary, making furniture from lumber is secondary)
Tertiary Industry
- service industry that supports primary and secondary industry and society in general
- without the tertiary industry, society could not function
service industries are spread across the country - technology - advances in science which provides faster and easier ways of doing things
–> this has had a great effect on the primary and secondary industries
basic industry
industry that sells its products outside the community, bringing money into the community
(e.g. steel mill)
non-basic industry
industry that sells its products within the community and does not bring money into the community (e.g. restaurants)
Location Factors for Manufacturing
Availability of Raw Materials
Location of Markets
Labour Supply
Availability of Fresh Water / Power
Transportation
Political Factors
Circumstance
The 3 levels of Canadian Government
Federal, Provincial, and Municipal
M.P.
Member of Parliament
–> get elected in by the people of Canada
4 Major Political Parties in Canada
Conservative, Democratic Party, Liberal, Bloc Quebecois
How many Parliamentary seats in Canada?
338
–> a party needs 169 seats to obtain a majority government
What is the leader of the party with the most seats in parliament called?
The Prime Minister
What is the party with the second most seats in parliament called?
The Opposition
What 2 parts is parliament divided into?
The House of Commons and the Senate
Where are M.P.’s located?
in the House of Commons
How many advisors does the Prime Minister appoint and what are they called?
30-35 advisors called cabinet ministers
–> they are the ones who usually (almost always introduce a bill)
What is it called when someone other than a member of this group introduces a bill?
a private member’s bill
Who is the Senate?
The Senate are people appointed by the Prime Minister for life (until retirement)
What 3 stages must a bill go through to become law?
- Introduction (the bill is introduced to the House of Commons)
- Debate (the bill is debated)
- Vote (a vote takes places among the 338 M.P.’s. If the Bill receives 51% of the vote, it gets passed to the Senate)
AFTER
the Bill is debated and another vote takes place. If it receives 51% percent of the vote, it goes to the Governor General who signs the bill into law
Who is the Governor General?
a representative of the King or Queen
