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g e o g r a p h y - Galli > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

a subject that brings a variety of perspectives together. They are both social and physical with regards to the study of people, places, and environments

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2
Q

Map

A

shows areas of a region and sometimes in much or little detail

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3
Q

Gross Domestic Product

A

the value of all goods and services produced in a country or region in a year divided by the population

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4
Q

Map Projection

A

a method used to show earth or a celestial sphere on a plane surface

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5
Q

Developing Country

A

a country seeking to become more economically and socially advanced (e.g. Madagascar, Bolivia)

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6
Q

Seismologists

A

earth scientists (they study geological features that happen on earth - e.g. seismic waves)

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7
Q

Bedrock

A

solid rock under the earth’s crust

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8
Q

Climate

A

condition in the atmosphere over a long period of time

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8
Q

General Purpose Map

A

a map that can be used for anything which shows both human-made and natural things - an atlas, roadmap, etc

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9
Q

Newly Industrialised Country

A

a country with its social and economic status between developing and developed countries

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10
Q

Scale

A

compares the distance between points on the map with the distance between said points on earth

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11
Q

Faulting

A

the movement of rock

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12
Q

Folding

A

the bending of rock

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13
Q

Erosion

A

the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water

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14
Q

Rural Area

A

an open area of land with very few homes and building and not very many people

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15
Q

Urban Area

A

the region surrounding a city

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16
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms from deposits accumulated on the earth’s surface. sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding

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17
Q

Mammals

A

humans and all other animals that are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) with hair. they feed their young with milk and have a more well-developed brain than other types of animals

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18
Q

Assimilation

A

one culture group adopts the language/values/traditions of the dominant culture

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19
Q

Cultural Mosaic

A

a mix of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures that coexist within a society

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20
Q

Manufacturing

A

processing of raw materials into a more finished state

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21
Q

Immigrant

A

a person who moves to a new country with the intentions of settling there

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22
Q

False Colours

A

colours that are added artificially to make patterns more obvious - most used for weather

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23
Q

Magnitude

A

the amount of energy released during an earthquake

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24
Q

Topographic Map

A

shows a small area of the earth’s surface in great detail

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25
Q

Remote Sensing

A

the technology used to study the earth

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26
Q

Pull Factors

A

positive factors that attract people to new areas from other areas

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27
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

the process by which plants assimilate carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form metabolically active compounds

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28
Q

Push Factors

A

something that encourages an individual to migrate away from a certain place

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29
Q

Hierarchy of Urban Services

A

a ranking/tier of services

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30
Q

Natural Vegetation

A

vegetation made naturally with no influences of people

31
Q

Technology

A

advances in science which provides faster and easier ways of doing things

32
Q

Continental Climate

A

interior land masses away from lakes and oceans

33
Q

Maritime Climate

A

coastal locations where the temperature range in small and level of precipitation is higher

33
Q

Basic Industry

A

industry that sells its products outside the community bringing money into the community

34
Q

Non Basic Industry

A

industry that sells its products within the community

35
Q

Renewable Resource

A

a resource of which there is an endless supply as long as it is well managed because it can be replenished

36
Q

Grand Banks

A

a very shallow area of land that provides feeding and spawning grounds for fish less than 150m deep

37
Q

Emigrant

A

a person who leaves their country of origin to live permanently in another country

38
Q

Global Village

A

technological improvements are making communications throughout the world as easy as they would be in a small village

39
Q

Prevailing Wind

A

a well established wind pattern - Canada’s is west to east

40
Q

Clear Cutting

A

all the trees in an area are cut

40
Q

Imports

A

a good or service bought in one country but produced in another

41
Q

Selective Cutting

A

only trees of a certain size/quality/type are cut

42
Q

Shelterwood Logging

A

70% of the trees in an area are cut and small patches of old growth are left in order to provide seeds

42
Q

Tornado

A

a vortex of warm air rising into a cloud - this rising air fuels the thunderstorm

43
Q

Primary Industry

A

industry that deals with the production of primary products such as minerals that are mined or agricultural products that are harvested in their natural state

44
Q

Secondary Industry

A

industry that deals with manufacturing or construction

45
Q

Plankton

A

small microscopic organisms that smaller fish feed on that are made by sunlight beaming on the ocean

46
Q

Biomass

A

plant material, vegetation, human or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source - burned to produce heat or electricity

47
Q

Weather

A

the conditions in an atmosphere over a short period of time

48
Q

International Date Line

A

a line on the earth at 180° longitude

49
Q

Prime Meridian

A

the earth’s 0° of longitude which passes through Greenwich, England

50
Q

Solar Energy

A

heat from the sun is converted to electricity through photovoltaic cells

51
Q

Air Mass

A

a large body of air with generally uniform temperature and humidity

51
Q

Tertiary Industry

A

service industry that supports primary and secondary industries and society in general

52
Q

Air Pressure

A

the weight of air molecules pressing down on the earth

53
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

the process through which heat is trapped near Earth’s surface by substances known as ‘greenhouse gases’

54
Q

Developed Country

A

countries at the highest social and economic level (e.g. America, Canada)

55
Q

Coniferous Trees

A

trees with needles

56
Q

Natural Increase Rate

A

the difference between the number live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year

57
Q

Temperature Range

A

subtraction from the coldest monthly temperature from the warmest monthly temperature

58
Q

Richter Scale

A

measurement of the strength of earthquakes

59
Q

Thematic Map

A

information on a particular topic

60
Q

What are Canada’s different time-zones and their main cities?

A

PST - Pacific Standard Time - Victoria, Vancouver
MST - Mountain Standard Time - Calgary, Edmonton
CST - Central Standard Time - Regina, Winnipeg
EST - Eastern Standard Time - Toronto, Quebec City, Ottawa, Montreal
AST - Atlantic Standard Time - Fredericton, Halifax, Charlottetown

61
Q

Relief/Orographic Precipitation

A

Warm moist air blows in from the Pacific Ocean
Air rises as it crosses an area of higher elevation (the rate of evaporation decreases)
Precipitation occurs on the windward side of the mountain (side closest to Ocean)
Air descends down the leeward side (opposite to windward) and becomes warmer, more evaporation takes place, which results in a dry climate or rain shadow on the leeward side

62
Q

Convectional Precipitation

A

Sun heats the ground and the air above it starts to rise
As air rises the process of evaporation occurs
Rising air expands and cools and water within it condenses to form white puffy clouds
As condensation is continuous, clouds become darker (cumulonimbus clouds) and water droplets get larger and begin to form precipitation

63
Q

Frontal/Cyclonic Precipitation

A

Air masses that are different in temperature and moisture do not mix well
A front-leading edge begins to form depending on if its cold or hot - if it is cold the front is a cold front and vice versa
A cyclonic storm happens when a cold air mass and warm air mass collide creating a low pressure system (usually occurs under a polar front jet stream)
Warm air moves inward toward the centre of the low pressure system and causes the air to rise and create precipitation (rises because warm air is less dense than colder dense air)

64
Q

Process of Wind

A

Heating the ground by the sun warms the air above it and causes the air to rise - producing a low pressure system
Air cools and sinks - produces a high pressure system
Air at ground level moves from a high pressure system to a low pressure system thus creating wind

65
Q

Canadian Shield

A

6 natural resources found (coal, lumber, agriculture, etc) and soil is very fertile in parts of the shield

66
Q

Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands

A

the second smallest landform region and excellent soil with a warm climate

67
Q

Hudson Bay Arctic Lowlands

A

harsh climate does not permit farming, flat low area covered by swampy forest

68
Q

Interior Plains

A

part of the great plains of North America that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico

69
Q

Appalachian Mountains

A

oldest highland region in Canada - formed about 300 million years ago

70
Q

Western Cordillera

A

the valleys run north-south which makes east-west transportation difficult, mountain range was caused by the collision of the North American and Pacific plates

71
Q

Innuitian Mountains

A

contains igneous and metamorphic rock but is mainly composed of sedimentary rock

72
Q

Basic Features of a Map

A

Title - the area shown and purpose
Scale - compares the distance on the map to the distance on earth
Borders
Legend - explains the meaning behind symbols
Date of Publication
Directions - arrows, symbols, latitude and longitude, etc

g e o g r a p h y - Galli (4 decks)

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