Unit 3

Question 1

Ecosystem

Answer 1

a system of multiple communities along with their chemical and physical environments

Question 2

Trophic structure

Answer 2

feeding relationships between organisms. Primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, quaternary consumer

Question 3

Food chain

Answer 3

transfer of food energy through the trophic levels

Question 4

Energetic hypothesis

Answer 4

limited bu the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain
(-10% between each trophic level)

Question 5

Dynamic stability hypothesis

Answer 5

long food chains are less stable than short ones

Question 6

Gross Primary Production (GPP)

Answer 6

the amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy bu photosynthesis per unit time (plants only)

Question 7

Net Primary Production (NPP)

Answer 7

GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for cellular respiration (R)
NPP=GPP-R

Question 8

Secondary production

Answer 8

idk

Question 9

Production efficiency

Answer 9

net secondary production/assimilation of primary production

Question 10

Amount assimilated

Answer 10

amount actually used

Question 11

Eutrophication

Answer 11

influx of nitrogen or phosphorus containing fertilizers in freshwater lakes. algae blooms

Question 12

Limits in terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 12

temperature, moisture, evapotranspiration

Question 13

Evapotranspiration

Answer 13

amount of H2O transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil and other surfaces

Question 14

Bottom-up

Answer 14

mineral nutrients, temp., light control plants (primary producers)

Question 15

Top-down

Answer 15

change (+/-) in upper trophic level has an impact on lower trophic levels

Question 16

Haploid (n)

Answer 16

one set of chromosomes (n)

Question 17

Diploid

Answer 17

two sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 18

Gametes

Answer 18

sex cells (haploid)

Question 19

Gametophyte

Answer 19

gamete-producing structure

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

cell division process which yields haploid gametes

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

cell division process which yields identical diploid cells

Question 22

Alternation of generations

Answer 22

plants alternate between two different life stages, or generations, in their life cycle

Question 23

Endotherms

Answer 23

produce their own heat

Question 24

Ectotherms

Answer 24

rely on heat from environment

Question 25

Homeotherms

Answer 25

keep body temp constant

Question 26

Heterotherms

Answer 26

allow body temp to fluctuate

Question 27

Anapsid skull

Answer 27

primitive skull with no temporal openings (ie turtles)

Question 28

Synapsid skull

Answer 28

distinguished by a single hole, known as the temporal fenestra, in the skull behind each eye

Question 29

Diapsid skull

Answer 29

amniotes that developed two temporal fenestra or skull holes about millions of years ago

Question 30

Systematics

Answer 30

an analytic approach to understanding the diversity and relationships of organisms, extant and extinct

Question 31

Shared primitive character

Answer 31

trait shared with a distant common ancestor

Question 32

Shared derived character

Answer 32

trait shared by a group of organisms but not shared by the distant common ancestor

Question 33

In group

Answer 33

what we are interested in

Question 34

Out group

Answer 34

somewhat related but not as much as the others we are looking at

Question 35

Amniote

Answer 35

an animal whose embryo develops in an amnion and chorion and has an allantois; a mammal, bird, or reptile

Question 36

Non-amniote

Answer 36

no special water filled enclosure (fish and amphibians)

Question 37

Bacteria

Answer 37

domain, prokaryotic, unicellular, no true nuclei, more abundant than eukarya, will die at 248 degrees F, adapts quickly

Question 38

Archaea

Answer 38

domain, prokaryotic, unicellular, no true nuclei, more abundant than eukarya, will die at 248 degrees F, adapts quickly

Question 39

Eukarya

Answer 39

protists(diversity exists due to endosymbiosis, reproduce sexually and asexually), fungi, Animalia:

Question 40

ingestive feeding

Answer 40

eating live or dead organisms or scavenging loose bits of organic debris by sweeping or engulfing

Question 41

absorptive feeding

Answer 41

taking nutrients directly from the environment