Unit 1

Question 1

Scientific Method

Answer 1

Title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusion

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

a population can change over time if individuals that posses certain traits leave more offspring than others

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

different forms of a particular gene

Question 4

Microevolution

Answer 4

changes in a single gene in a population over time

Question 5

Macroevolution

Answer 5

the formation of new species or groups of related species

Question 6

Darwinian fitness

Answer 6

the relative likelihood that a genotype will contribute to the gene pool of the next generation as compare with other genotypes

Question 7

5 evolutionary mechanisms

Answer 7

random mutation, selection, random genetic drift, deneflow (migration), non-random mating

Question 8

Directional selection

Answer 8

favors extreme phenotypes; changes the average value of a trait

Question 9

Stabilizing selection

Answer 9

favors intermediate phenotypes, reduces the amount of variation in a trait by favoring the average

Question 10

Disruptive selection

Answer 10

favors one or more phenotypes, increases the amount of variation in a trait

Question 11

Balancing selection

Answer 11

maintains genetic diversity in a population and results in balanced polymorphism -two or more alleles are kept in balance

Question 12

Oscillating selection

Answer 12

the favored genotype changes as the environment changes

Question 13

Intrasexual selection

Answer 13

between members of the same sex, male to male competition

Question 14

Intersexual selection

Answer 14

between members of the opposite sex, female choice

Question 15

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 15

Sexual selection acts on males more strongly than on females

Question 16

Bottleneck effect

Answer 16

genetic drift, wipes out population

Question 17

Founder effect

Answer 17

genetic drift, moved elsewhere

Question 18

Assortative mating

Answer 18

individuals with similar phenotypes are more likely to mate; increase the population of homozygous genotypes in a population

Question 19

Dissasortative mating

Answer 19

individuals with dissimilar phenotypes are more likely to mate; increase the population of heterozygous genotypes in a population

Question 20

Gene flow

Answer 20

when a population gains or loses alleles due to emigration or immigration of fertile individuals

Question 21

Biogeography

Answer 21

the study of the geographical distribution of extinct and modern species

Question 22

Convergent evolution

Answer 22

species from different lineages show similar characteristics because they occupy similar environments

Question 23

Developmental homology

Answer 23

same structures in early development of different species develop into homologous structures with very different functions

Question 24

Anatomical homology

Answer 24

different mammals have similar structure but different function

Question 25

Molecular homology

Answer 25

similarities among organisms at the molecular level

Question 26

Vestigial structures

Answer 26

organs not needed by the organisms are vestigial: remnants of important structures in its ancestors