Unit 3 Flashcards
All mutations are harmful (T/F)
false. mutations can be good, bad, or neutral
What process is responsible for moving mutations around to different copies of a chromosome?
recombination
What process influences how the chromosomes after recombination are packed into gametes?
independent assortment
Most gametes have different genetic combinations (T/F)
True
Most people have never seen ___ % of the individuals of a species, including their own
99%
Variation can be easily categorized as good or bad (T/F)
false
Outliers and variations are a source of new combinations for nature to work with and therefore should not be considered problematic (T/F)
True
Types of sorting variation
stabilizing selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
Stabilizing selection (definition)
the process that explains the pattern of decreasing variance while the mean stays the same
Directional selection (definition)
the process that explains the pattern of the mean value of the characteristic changes
Disruptive selection (definition)
the process that explains the pattern of increasing variance and increasing extremes
Sexual dimorphism (definition)
distinct difference in phenotypes between the sexes of animals within the same species
What three processes make up the variation factory?
mutation
genetic recombination
independent assortment
Needs and environments can cause variation (T/F)
False. ONLY the variation factory is responsible for variation
Sexual selection (definition)
the process that explains differences in sexes within the same species
Sexual selection sorts heritable variation in non-random ways (T/F)
true
Sexual selection is a random process (T/F)
False
The production of variation is random but the sorting process is not (T/F)
True
Natural selection and sexual selection can only work independently of one another (T/F)
False. They can (and often do) work together
Random/Chance (definition)
lack of pattern or predictability
Non-random (definition)
presence of pattern or predictable event
How does chance relate to the sorting process? Could some biological patterns be due to chance?
Mutation occurs randomly by chance
Natural and sexual selection are non-random
Genetic drift occurs randomly by chance
Genetic drift (definition)
sorting of individuals/alleles due to chance
refers to random sorting NOT the event that is responsible for the sorting
In what cases is genetic drift more likely?
in small populations
for rare alleles