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Bi0 1- All definitions are by GSU > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

organic compound

A

the compound that contains carbon

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2
Q

macromolecules

A

polymers of long chains of monomers

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3
Q

isomers

A

compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures and properties

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4
Q

structural isomers

A

differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

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5
Q

cis-trans isomers

A

carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, the atoms differ in their spatial arrangement due to inflexibility of double bonds
H X
\ /
C = C
/ \
X H

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6
Q

Enantiomers

A

the isomers that are mirror images of 1 another, differ in shape, and 1 of them are usually active

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7
Q

functional group

A

the chemical group that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions

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8
Q

hydroxyl group

A

converts organic compounds into alcohol enhancing solubility in water, that has an OH bonded to it

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9
Q

carbonyl group

A

C=O, found in a larger carbon molecule, a carbon double bonded to oxygen

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10
Q

carboxyl group

A

The COOH, that are components of fatty acids and amino acids

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11
Q

amino group

A

NH2, is a component of amino acids

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12
Q

sulfhydryl group

A

SH, can serve as a marker for proteins in membrane functions

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13
Q

phosphate group

A

PO3, its an important structural component of nucleotide, basic structural unit of DNA and RNA

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14
Q

methyl group

A

CH3, found in gene expression, fetal development, neurotransmitter production

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15
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate is an organic molecule that has an important function in the cell

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16
Q

polymer

A

a long molecule consisting similar building blocks

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17
Q

monomer

A

small building block molecules

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18
Q

dehydration reaction

A

2 monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

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19
Q

hydrolysis

A

the reverse reaction of the dehydration reaction

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20
Q

enzymes

A

speed up chemical reactions

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21
Q

monosaccharides

A

simplest carbohydrates

22
Q

disaccharide

A

formed through a dehydration reaction which joins 2 monosaccharides

23
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

a covalent bond between monosaccharides

24
Q

polysaccharides

A

polymers of sugars have storage and structure roles

25
Q

starch

A

a storage polysaccharide of plants

26
Q

glycogen

A

a storage polysaccharide in animals

27
Q

cellulose

A

a major component in the walls of plant cells

28
Q

chitin

A

structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods

29
Q

lipids

A

consists of hydrocarbons that form nonpolar covalent bonds and is hydrophobic

30
Q

fats

A

constructed from glycerol (3 carbon alcohol and OH group) and a fatty acid (COOH attach to long carbon skeleton)

31
Q

ester linkage

A

a bond between hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, creating a triglyceride

32
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

lack double bonds between carbon atoms, tend to be solid, animal fats

33
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

1+ more double bonds between molecules and are liquid at room temperature

34
Q

trans fat

A

the process when unsaturated fats are converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen

35
Q

steroid

A

lipids that have a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings

36
Q

cholesterol

A

an important steroid the maintains fluidity of animal cell membranes

37
Q

polypeptides

A

unbranched polymers built from amino acids

38
Q

peptide bonds

A

the linkage between amino acids

39
Q

hydrophobic interactions

A

the interaction between nonpolar molecule groups in water and their low solubility.
Ex: amino acids

40
Q

disulphide bridges

A

a bond between the sulfurs of 2 cysteines

41
Q

sickle-cell disease

A

an inherited blood disorder results from a single acid substitution in the protein hemoglobin

42
Q

denaturation

A

the loss of protein’s native structure

43
Q

renaturation

A

the formation of a protein’s native structure

44
Q

X-ray crystallography

A

determines the d-protein structure based on diffractions of an x-ray beam atoms of the crystalized molecule

45
Q

gene

A

the amino acid sequence programmed in a unit of inheritance

46
Q

nucleic acid

A

made of monomers called nucleotides

47
Q

gene expression

A

the process by which the info encoded in a gene is turned into function

48
Q

polynucleotides

A

nucleic acids that are polymers

49
Q

nucleotides

A

monomers of polynucleotides

50
Q

pyrimidine

A

a single ring that includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil

51
Q

purines

A

a double ring and includes adenine and guanine

52
Q

phosphodiester linkage

A

nucleotides joined together

Bi0 1- All definitions are by GSU (5 decks)

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