Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bi0 1- All definitions are by GSU > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

compound

A

a substance consists of 2 or more types elements, Ex H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

trace elements

A

elements found in small quantities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neutrons and protons form

A

atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

electrons form

A

a ring around the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

daltons

A

the atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in its nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mass number

A

the sum of protons + the neutrons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

isotopes

A

2 atomic forms of an element that differs in number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

radioactive isotopes

A

Decays spontaneously and lose subatomic particles, give off particles and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

energy

A

the capacity to cause change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

potential energy

A

the energy that matter has b/c of the location or structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reactivity of an atom…

A

derives from the presence of 1+ more unpaired electrons in the valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

inert (unreactive) atoms

A

atoms with completed valence shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

covalent bond

A

the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms. One of the strongest bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

molecule

A

2+ atoms held together by covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bonding capacity

A

the number of electrons required to complete the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pure elements

A

molecules composed of 1 type of atom, Ex: H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

electronegativity

A

an atom’s attraction for the electrons of a covalent bond. The more electronegative, the more stronger the electrons pull toward itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

the atoms share the electrons equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

polar covalent bond

A

1 atom is electronegative and the atoms don’t share them equally

23
Q

ion

A

2 oppositely charged atoms or molecules

24
Q

ionic bond

A

attraction between an anion(neg) and a cation(pos). Ionic compounds formed by these bonds.

25
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a hydrogen atom covalent bonded to 1 electronegative atom, also attracted to another electronegative atom. Weak chemical bond.

26
Q

Van der Waals interactions

A

this occurs when atoms and molecules are very close together

27
Q

cohesive force

A

forces between molecules, this keeps the substance together

28
Q

adhesive force

A

forces that attract 1 substance to another

29
Q

surface tension

A

a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid. related to cohesion.

30
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

31
Q

thermal energy

A

a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy

32
Q

temperature

A

the avg kinetic energy of molecules

33
Q

heat

A

the thermal energy in transfer from 1 body of matter to another

34
Q

calorie

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree celsius

35
Q

kilocalories

A

1cal=1000 cal

36
Q

joule

A

a unit of energy
1 J= 0.239 cal
1 cal=4.184 J

37
Q

specific heat

A

the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 1C

38
Q

water has high specific heat…

A

keeps temp fluctuations within limits that permits life

39
Q

heat of vaporization

A

the heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to be converted to gas

40
Q

evaporative cooling

A

the liquid evaporates and its surface remains cool

41
Q

solution

A

a liquid that is a homogenous mixture of substances

42
Q

solvent

A

the dissolving agent of a solution

43
Q

solute

A

the substance that is dissolved

44
Q

aqueous solution

A

the water is the solvent

45
Q

hydration shell

A

an ion surrounded by a sphere of water molecules

46
Q

molecular mass

A

the sum of all masses of all atoms in a molecule

47
Q

molarity

A

the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

48
Q

acid

A

increases the H+ concentration in water

49
Q

base

A

reduces the concentration of H+

50
Q

pH

A

-log[H+]

51
Q

buffers

A

substances that minimizes changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- solution. Usually contains weak acid and its base.

52
Q

carbonic acid

A

a buffer that contributes to pH stability in human blood

53
Q

ocean acidification

A

CO2 dissolved in seawater that forms carbonic acid

Bi0 1- All definitions are by GSU (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions