Unit 3 Flashcards
Biomedical Model of Health
Focuses on the physical reasons for illness and health problems.
Treatments come in the form of vaccines, surgery and medicines in order to restore the physical balance in a persons body.
It considers the mind separate and therefore not influential on a persons health. It ignores social and economic factors.
Biopsychosocial model of health
Developed due to doubts about the biomedical model—that health is purely physical.
Attempts to interrelate biological, psychological and social as combining factors that effect a persons health. More holistic than the biomedical model.
For example, poor health could be the mixture of a virus (biological), stress (psychological) and a job (social)
Classical Conditioning
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
Classical Conditioning Example
The principles of classical conditioning can apply to so many other areas of everyday life. Any individual dish or type of food, if you’ve never eaten it before, is a blank slate for possible associations.
If the first time you eat sushi, you get terrible food poisoning, then it’s possible that almost anything to do with that sushi experience could gain negative associations and give you food aversion. Perhaps just the smell of sushi rice could make you want to gag, or the sight of raw fish could make you feel sick to your stomach.
Social Learning Theory
New behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others
Physiological Addiction
Chemicals in your brain known as neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, are released when we do certain activities that make us feel happy or relaxed.
Therefore we want to do this activity again and again to attain that feeling. This can lead to an addiction.
Health Belief Model
The health belief model investigates health behaviour that could be prevented and studies a patients response to treatment provided. It is a decision-making model that suggests the likelihood of an individual taking part in a particular health behaviour e.g., Quitting smoking.
Health Belief Model PEE Positive
Point - A Strength of the HBM is that it is
useful.
Example - For example it can help develop treatments that patients will be motivated enough to carry out.
Expand - It has been successfully used to predict cancer screening behaviour in women and can help design health interventions.
Health Belief Model PEE Negative
Point – A limitation of the HBM is that it is reductionist in its approach to predicting human behaviour.
Example - For example, each human is different and many of us can make irrational decisions after events occur – e.g., being told we are in the ‘obese’ category for weight.
Expand - Other models can offer alternative explanations to achieve a change in health behaviour. Therefore, we need a more holistic view.
Griffiths’ Six Components of Addiction
Physical and psychological dependence
Mood alteration
Tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
Conflict
Relapse
Physical and Psychological Dependence (Griffiths)
Physical dependency refers to the withdrawal symptoms a person may experience when the drug stops, for example pain, irritability, shaking and sweating too. Psychological dependence is when the behaviour or drug becomes the most important thing in that persons life. Even if the person is not taking part in the behaviour, they are thinking about it always.
Mood Alteration (Griffiths)
People may experience a buzz or rush when they take heroin. An addict can bring about different mood alterations by changing their activities. For example, someone with a nicotine addiction will smoke in the morning to wake them up, giving them the rush they need to start the day. And in the evening, it can be taken to help them relax; one addiction can therefore result in different mood changes.
Tolerance (Griffiths)
Tolerance is an addict’s need to increase the amount of behaviour, for example ten cigarettes a day to fifteen and so on.
Withdrawal Symptoms (Griffiths)
These are the negative effects, both psychological and physical, that result when the addict is prevented from taking part in the activity. Some psychological effects may include moodiness, meanwhile physiological effects may include sweating, shaking and so on.
Conflict (Griffiths)
Conflict arises between the addict and those around them as a result of their addictive behaviour.
