Unit 3 Flashcards
Null Hypothesis
A statement Which proposes that there is no link between the independent and dependent variable.
Precision
Measured
values
are close to
each other.
Accuracy
Data, or means of data sets, are close to the true value.
Replacement
Replacing the animal with an alternative such as tissues cultures or a less sentient species.
Ethics
Ideas and beliefs about what type of behaviour is morally right and wrong.
Informed consent
The participant is fully aware of the treatment they will be subjected to and is happy to participate.
Refinement
Using methods that minimise potential pain, suffering or distress on the animals.
Reduction
Reducing the number of animals used.
Pilot Study
Small scale, preliminary studies which aim to investigate whether crucial components of a main study will be feasible
Right to withdraw
The participant has the ability to remove themselves from a trial at any time during the study.
Legislation
Laws governing various aspects of science. Legislation limits the potential for misuse of studies and data.
Validity
Variables controlled so that any measured effect is likely to be due to the independent replicates.
Confidentiality
Any collected data does not identify the subject and they can remain anonymous. The data is not shared without their consent.
Reliability
Consistent values are achieved in repeats and independent replicates.
Positive Controls
A treatment that is included to check that the system can detect a positive result when it occurs.
Control
An experimental group where no treatment is given
Stratified Sampling
The population is divided into subpopulations that are then sampled proportionally.
Random Sampling
Members of the population have an equal chance of being selected.
In vivo
Experimentation using a whole living organism.
In vitro
Performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside a living organism.
Systematic Sampling
Members of the population are selected at regular intervals.
Variable
Any factor that can be controlled, changed or measured in an experiment.
Continuous
Can take on infinitely many, uncountable values.
Discrete
Can have a finite number range of values.
Independent variable
The variable that is changed in a scientific experiment.
Dependent variable
The variable that is measured in a scientific experiment.
Confounding Variables
Variables, other than I and D that may affect the results of an investigation and therefore need to be considered during an investigation.
Negative control
Provides results in the absence of treatment
Correlation
A relationship between two variables where they both follow the same pattern.
Mean
the average of the data
Median
The middle value of the data
Mode
The most common value of the data.
Selection bias
The selection of a sample is a non-random way, so that the sample is not representative of the whole population
Positive correlation
Increase in one variable is accompanied by an increase in the other variable.
negative correlation
Increase in one variable accompanied by decrease in other variable.
Randomised block design
Experimental protocol in which the effects of potentially confounding variables can be reduced
multifactorial
An experimental situation in which there is more than one dependent variable
