Unit 3

Question 1

Null Hypothesis

Answer 1

A statement Which proposes that there is no link between the independent and dependent variable.

Question 2

Precision

Answer 2

Measured
values
are close to
each other.

Question 3

Accuracy

Answer 3

Data, or means of data sets, are close to the true value.

Question 4

Replacement

Answer 4

Replacing the animal with an alternative such as tissues cultures or a less sentient species.

Question 5

Ethics

Answer 5

Ideas and beliefs about what type of behaviour is morally right and wrong.

Question 6

Informed consent

Answer 6

The participant is fully aware of the treatment they will be subjected to and is happy to participate.

Question 7

Refinement

Answer 7

Using methods that minimise potential pain, suffering or distress on the animals.

Question 8

Reduction

Answer 8

Reducing the number of animals used.

Question 9

Pilot Study

Answer 9

Small scale, preliminary studies which aim to investigate whether crucial components of a main study will be feasible

Question 10

Right to withdraw

Answer 10

The participant has the ability to remove themselves from a trial at any time during the study.

Question 11

Legislation

Answer 11

Laws governing various aspects of science. Legislation limits the potential for misuse of studies and data.

Question 12

Validity

Answer 12

Variables controlled so that any measured effect is likely to be due to the independent replicates.

Question 13

Confidentiality

Answer 13

Any collected data does not identify the subject and they can remain anonymous. The data is not shared without their consent.

Question 14

Reliability

Answer 14

Consistent values are achieved in repeats and independent replicates.

Question 15

Positive Controls

Answer 15

A treatment that is included to check that the system can detect a positive result when it occurs.

Question 16

Control

Answer 16

An experimental group where no treatment is given

Question 17

Stratified Sampling

Answer 17

The population is divided into subpopulations that are then sampled proportionally.

Question 18

Random Sampling

Answer 18

Members of the population have an equal chance of being selected.

Question 19

In vivo

Answer 19

Experimentation using a whole living organism.

Question 20

In vitro

Answer 20

Performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside a living organism.

Question 21

Systematic Sampling

Answer 21

Members of the population are selected at regular intervals.

Question 22

Variable

Answer 22

Any factor that can be controlled, changed or measured in an experiment.

Question 23

Continuous

Answer 23

Can take on infinitely many, uncountable values.

Question 24

Discrete

Answer 24

Can have a finite number range of values.

Question 25

Independent variable

Answer 25

The variable that is changed in a scientific experiment.

Question 26

Dependent variable

Answer 26

The variable that is measured in a scientific experiment.

Question 27

Confounding Variables

Answer 27

Variables, other than I and D that may affect the results of an investigation and therefore need to be considered during an investigation.

Question 28

Negative control

Answer 28

Provides results in the absence of treatment

Question 29

Correlation

Answer 29

A relationship between two variables where they both follow the same pattern.

Question 30

Mean

Answer 30

the average of the data

Question 31

Median

Answer 31

The middle value of the data

Question 32

Mode

Answer 32

The most common value of the data.

Question 33

Selection bias

Answer 33

The selection of a sample is a non-random way, so that the sample is not representative of the whole population

Question 34

Positive correlation

Answer 34

Increase in one variable is accompanied by an increase in the other variable.

Question 35

negative correlation

Answer 35

Increase in one variable accompanied by decrease in other variable.

Question 36

Randomised block design

Answer 36

Experimental protocol in which the effects of potentially confounding variables can be reduced

Question 37

multifactorial

Answer 37

An experimental situation in which there is more than one dependent variable