unit 3 Flashcards
Eysenck believed that personality traits could be derived from:
factor analysis
Eysenck agreed with Cattell that personality is composed of traits, or factors, derived by the factor-analytic method. However, Eysenck was also a critic of factor analysis and of Cattell’s research because of the potential subjectivity in the technique and the difficulty in replicating Cattell’s findings.
What is the relationship between theory & observation?
a) mutually exclusive
b) several theories make up an observation
c) several observations make up a theory
d) there is a mutual & dynamic interaction between them
d) there is a mutual & dynamic interaction between them
proper place of theory within science?
theories are tools used by scientists to give meaning to observations
environmental-mold traits are:
learned characteristics that impose a pattern on personality.
McCrae & Costa’s 5 personality factors:
a) are the first 5 identified by Cattell
b) include sociability, impulsivity, and emotionality.
c) show that environment is more important than heredity.
d) largely overlap amongst themselves.
d) largely overlap amongst themselves.
—There is a similarity between the extraversion and neuroticism factors of McCrae and Costa and the extraversion and neuroticism dimensions proposed by Eysenck. Further, agreeableness and conscientiousness in the McCrae Costa model may represent the low end of Eysenck’s psychoticism dimension (impulse control). Openness shows a high positive correlation with intelligence. Similarly, agreeableness correlates with Adler’s concept of social interest.
factors of McCrae & Costa that have a similarity to the dimensions proposed by Eysenck are:
neuroticism & extraversion
in recent years, a consensus has emerged that _ factors best characterize personality.
5
personality characteristics that correlate with one another but don’t constitute a factor are called:
surface traits
—surface traits correlate w/ 1 another but don’t constitute a factor b/c they’re not determined by a single source. Several behavioral elements like anxiety, indecision, and irrational fear combine to form the surface trait labeled neuroticism, which doesn’t derive from a single source.
when studying personality
a) most theorists agree on the importance of behaviorism
b) most theorists agree w/ the principle of free choice
c) most theorists agree there are many sources of influence for personality development
d) most theorists agree to have only 1 principal theory of personality development
c) most theorists agree there’s many sources of influence for personality development
temperament refers to
a) characteristic ways of thinking
b) conscientiousness
c) introversion
d) inborn, genetically based personality differences
d) inborn, genetically based personality differences
which of the following is true of the study of behavioral genetics?
a) all of these
b) involves the study of the relationship between hereditary factors & personality traits
c) begun by Murray & carried forward by Allport & Cattell
d) shows that environmental factors are more important that genetics factors
b) involves study of the relationship between hereditary factors & personality traits
in the context of Cattell’s classification of traits, characteristics such as intelligence & gregariousness are examples of ______ traits.
common
a person described as organized, responsible, and cautious pertains to the ______ factor of the 5-factor model of personality.
conscientiousness
which trait theoriest is correctly matched w/ the # of basic personality dimensions proposed in his theory?
a) Raymond Cattell; 5
b) Gordon Allport; 16
c) Raymond Cattell; 10
d) Hans Eysenck; 3
Hans Eysenck; 3.
which statement is true of Eysenck’s approach to Cattell’s theory?
a) disagreed w/ Cattell & stated personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego.
b) supplemented factor analysis w/ other personality traits
c) demonstrated that factor analysis could be replicated under any circumstance.
d) advocate of factor analysis and Cattell’s research.
b) supplemented factor analysis w/ other personality traits
Eysenck believed that personality dimensions, such as introversion:
a) are inconsistent bc of heredity.
b) are stable throughout the lifespan
c) determined by childhood alone
d) influenced equally by environment & heredity.
b) are stable throughout the lifespan
which of the following is NOT one of the “big five” personality dimensions?
a) psychoticism
b) openness to experience
c) extraversion
d) neuroticism
a) psychoticism
