unit 2 Flashcards
personality theories have
a) characteristics of being totally objective
b) characteristics that set them apart from formal theories
c) the goal of being totally objective
d) a mixture of assumptions and vague opinions.
b) characteristics that set them apart from formal theories.
the nomothetic approach to personality involves:
a) statistical differences among subject groups
b) statistical differences in variance
c) strict observance of statistical measures
d) intensive study of random assessment
a) statistical differences among subject groups
the fundamental characteristic of scientific research is
a) significant findings
b) high positive correlations
c) precise laboratory equipment
d) replicability
d) replicability
the reliability of a test is concerned with
a) whether it measures what it claims to measure
b) the consistency of the response to the test
c) measuring the competency of the person taking the test
d) the likelihood that a person will finish the test on time
b) the consistency of the response to the test.
in personality theories, early childhood experiences are thought to be:
A. experiences that have little impact on our lives
B. without effect on adult behavior
C. critical to personality formation by all theorists
D. very important by some theorists and less important by others
D. very important by some theorists and less important by others
Ashlyn is reviewing a new theory on personality development. She reviewed whether the theory is testable, generalizable, economical, applies to lived experiences of real people, and is based on scientific data. Ashlyn is:
A. doing a scientific study.
B. completing a nomothetic study.
C. evaluating whether or not this is good theory or not.
D. developing a theory.
C. evaluating whether or not this is good theory or not.
case studies:
A. were used extensively by Freud
B. can provide the data for constructing a personality theory
C. can reveal the depths of personality
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The experimental method & the correlation method are examples of which research perspective:
A. Idiographic
B. nomothetic
C. unscientific
D. operationalizable
B. nomothetic
________ variables are changeable factors that could distort the results of an experiment and be confused with the ________________.
A. Treatment; placebo control
B. Subject; dependent variables
C. Confounding; dependent variable
D. Confounding; independent variable
D. Confounding; independent variable
Theories are:
A. opinions used to prove vague assumptions
B. a means of simplifying and describing data
C. always speculative but provable
D. all of the above
B. a means of simplifying and describing data
projective techniques were inspired by:
A. Factor Analysis
B. Freud’s emphasis on the unconscious
C. Jung’s emphasis on the collective unconscious
D. Cattell’s research
B. Freud’s emphasis on the unconscious
You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people’s feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?
A. score on a measure of well-being
B. amount of alcohol consumed within one hour before test
C. level of alcohol in the blood
A. score on a measure of well-being
The belief that we can freely choose the direction of our thoughts & behavior is known as:
A. behaviorism
B. determination
C. determinism
D. free will
D. free will
Ellen decides to study the effects of alcohol on driving
ability. She selects 200 college students and randomly
divides them into two groups of 100 students each.
Subjects in group “A” drive a car through an obstacle
course while remaining sober. Subjects in group “B” also
drive through the obstacle course, but they are given an
ounce of whiskey before each attempt at driving the
course. As expected, the driving ability of subjects in
group “B” steadily deteriorates as they consume more
alcohol. In Ellen’s study, the subjects’ driving ability is
the _______.
A. independent variable
B. reciprocal variable
C. dependent variable
D. confounding variable
C. dependent variable
The 1st stage in constructing a personality theory is based primarily on
A. animal studies
B. empirical knowledge
C. intuition
D. rational knowledge
C. intuition
Suppose you wanted to test the hypothesis that viewing pornographic material increases aggressive behavior. The dependent variable would be:
A. aggressive behavior
B. the age of the participants
C. viewing pornographic material
D. whether men or women served as participants
In an experiment, the control group is:
A. exposed to the experimental treatment
B. exposed to the independent variable
C. not exposed to the independent variable
D. not exposed to the dependent variable
C. not exposed to the independent variable
Tests, such as ink-blot test, which ask people to respond to ambiguous stimuli, are called
A. self-report measures
B. response measures
C. projective tests
D. behavioral measures
C. projective tests
Which of the following is correct about the case study method?
A. It should only be used when a large number of participants cannot be examined.
B. It has been used almost exclusively by psychologists from the psychoanalytic perspective.
C. It is used only to generate hypotheses and illustrate treatments.
D. Sometimes it is more appropriate than conducting an experiment.
D. Sometimes it is more appropriate than conducting an experiment.
