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HIST 2181B: History Of Sexuality > UNIT 3 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

New middle class that was created from enlightenment and industrial revolution wanted to create what, separate from what

A

Create a new identity for themselves, separate from nobility and working class

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2
Q

Middle class felt they could distinguish their identity by keeping women where, and why?

A

Keep women in the private sphere
Bc they were wealthy enough that their wives didn’t have to work

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3
Q

What was considered 2 benefits of patriarchal culture for men?

A

1) Women weren’t competing with men for jobs (women were cheap labour)
2) women could perform unpaid productive work at home

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4
Q

Keeping women at home was a benefit for who?

A

Benefit for men

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5
Q

Middle class justified keeping women in domestic sphere through what model?

A

two sex model

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6
Q

two sex model demonstrated that women were physically and emotionally what, unsuited for what

A

Physically and emotionally frail and weak, unsuited for the rigours of public life

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7
Q

Physical and emotional passivity was grounded in what theories?

A

Scientific theories of female anatomy (two sex model)

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8
Q

Ideology of separate spheres is part of a larder idea called what

A

Cult of true womanhood

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9
Q

What was a foundation of how middle class women were supposed to behave during Victorian period

A

Cult of true womanhood

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10
Q

Women were supposed to be emotionally and physically what 2 things to men

A

Passive and submissive

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11
Q

Men were supposed to ___ sex, and women were supposed to ___ men.

A

Men = initiate sex
Women = accommodate men sexually

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12
Q

True/False: women were supposed to enjoy sex for themselves

A

False :(

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13
Q

“Passionless ”: Cast women as sexually what

A

Frigid, apathetic, and unresponsive

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14
Q

Traits of being passionless meant that middle class women were seen as what 4 things?

A

Virtuous, maternal, moral, modest, respectable

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15
Q

Passionlessness meant to contrast middle class women with other women, to affirm what?

A

Middle class identity

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16
Q

Middle class women through passionless doctrine were ____ while other women such as working class/coloured/immigrants were seen as what ?

A

Middle class = respectable
Working class = immoral/animalistic/lustful

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17
Q

Why did middle class women embrace the passionless ideology?

A

To differentiate themselves from other women they regarded as inferior

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18
Q

Women were supposed to be ..
(4 Code of conduct ingredients)

A

1) Domestic
2) Pious
3) Pure
4) Submissive

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19
Q

Women who conformed to 4 core of conduct ingredients were seen as what?

A

Moral pillars and guardians of society, and truly respectable women

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20
Q

Did the passionless ideology apply to all women?

A

No, it was a white middle class ideology and didn’t apply to female slaves

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21
Q

White slave owning women were seen as epitomizing what?

A

Cult of true womanhood

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22
Q

With the cult of true womanhood the status of middle class women rose, but at the expense of what?

A

Exclusion from the public sphere- including access to paid work, carriers, and university education

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23
Q

Prescriptive literature was written by whom

A

Clergy and medical professionals

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24
Q

Prescriptive literature was embraced by white women and made them feel what

A

Feel very important for following the cult of true womanhood

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25
Q

in what class did the ideology of separate spheres take place, and in which countries?

A

Middle class in Canada, US, and England

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26
Q

2 examples of Purity in the Code of Conduct ingredients

A

1) Virgin when married
2) Loyal to husbands

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27
Q

2 examples of Pious in Code of Conduct ingredients

A

1) Good Christian’s
2) God fearing

28
Q

2 examples of submissive in Code of conduct ingredients:

A

1) passionless
2) sexually submissive

29
Q

True/False: Black women were supposed to embody the Cult of True Womahood

A

False: they embodied the opposite
Worked in the fields, backbreaking labour (despite “female fragility”)

30
Q

Through what was the Protestant clergy able to promote passionless?

A

Prescriptive literature

31
Q

What are examples of prescriptive literature tales where women would and wouldn’t conform?

A

Would: rewarded with loyal husbands and behaved children
Wouldn’t: go insane, lose husbands, terrible death

32
Q

What ideology was part of a persistent effort by the male medical profession?

A

Passionless ideology

33
Q

True/False: White middle class women were supposed to initiate, desire, enjoy and have sex

A

False : except for the purpose of procreation

34
Q

What are some pros of the passionless ideology? (4 examples)

A

1) gave women an elevated status
2) effective birth control
3) Allude risk of mortality
4) less economic liabilities (kids)

35
Q

What are cons of passionless? (6)

A

1) Deprived women of sexual desire/expression
2) gave men permission to be adulterous
3) gave women mixed messages
4) racist, classist, and polarized women
5) labeled women who expressed their sexual desires as deviant
6) justified excluding women from public sphere

36
Q

What could happen to women who expressed their sexual desires?

A

1) branded as a nymphomaniac
2) could end up in insane asylum

37
Q

Mosher survey of 20th century found what?

A

1) women had expectations of regular sex
2) wanted to experience sexual pleasure and orgasms
3) women weren’t passionless

38
Q

why did fertility drop in middle class women in 19th Century?

A

1) fewer women marrying
2) kids later in life/ less reproductive years
3) women were practicing a type of birth control

39
Q

Passionless doctrine was designed to promote the interests of who by asserting the notion that women were inherently what

A

Interests of patriarchal culture
Women were passive, weak, and unable to function in the public sphere

40
Q

Popularity of female friendships grew out of what 3 conditions ?

A

Ideology of separate spheres
Passionless
Cult of True Womanhood

41
Q

What feelings helped unite middle class women in 19th century

A

Felt they were undervalued, and unappreciated in patriarchal culture

42
Q

Without men dictating/supervising daily lives of women, women were free to what

A

Free to create a world for themselves

43
Q

The private domestic sphere was a place that fostered what

A

Loving, Nurturing female culture

44
Q

In the 19th century women would have to choose between what 2 things, and they couldn’t have both

A

Education or marriage

45
Q

The women who chose university often entered what marriage, for what reason?

A

Boston marriages, for companionship, to share household expenses, and sometimes sex gratification

46
Q

True/False: Boston marriages weren’t acceptable in Victorian society and they were frowned upon

A

False : it was preferable to a woman living alone and facing poverty/isolation

47
Q

Bc women were assumed to be passionless women could spend time with each other without what

A

Any suspicion that they were sexual

48
Q

Sex was exclusively thought of as needing what?

A

A man with a penis and procreation

49
Q

For women what was much more preferable than entering adulterous affairs or divorcing husbands?

A

Expressions loving feelings for women and spending time with them

50
Q

What wasn’t criminalized during Victorian period the way homosexuality was?

A

Lesbianism

51
Q

Female friendship was seen as a training ground for what?

A

Getting married, being a good wife

52
Q

What was the fear that arose if a man and a women were left alone unsupervised

A

That a man can take advantage of a women and rob her virginity / cause pregnancy

53
Q

What was one of the worst things that could happen to a middle class women in Victorian times

A

Having a child out of wedlock

54
Q

Women talked about marriage as a what kind of experience?

A

Traumatic and unfulfilling experience

55
Q

By mid 19th century , Christian and women’s values and virtues were what?

A

Almost identical

56
Q

The ideology of passionless was tied to the rise of what between 1790s - 1830s

A

Evangelical religion

57
Q

The new function of Drs as spiritual counsellors highlights the shift of moral authority from what to what during the 19th century

A

From religion to science

58
Q

A married man having sex with a single woman was considered what, instead of?

A

Fornication vs adultery

59
Q

True/False: adultery from both men and women was a cause for divorce

A

False: only men, they could sue to recover “damages”

60
Q

Evangelicals argued women was made for who’s purpose instead of mans

A

God’s (unlike the 18th century)

61
Q

Why did the 18th century New England ministers discard similarities to Eve?

A

In deference to their predominantly female congregations

62
Q

Protestants constantly reiterated the theme that Christianity had raised women
from what in status to what. What was the condition for that elevation?

A

From slaves to moral and intellectual beings

the suppression of female sexuality.

63
Q

The clergy adopted a more positive image of women in their sermons and no longer presented marriage as a hierarchical relationship but stressed that women were what

A

complementary, and piously influential, marriage partners.

64
Q

What was a primary reason that the ideology of passionlessness was quickly and widely accepted

A

women gaining social and familial power

65
Q

True/False: Toward the end of the 19th century, courting couple treated sex as a “serious spiritualized sacrament of romantic love.”

A

True

66
Q

What did “lady” mean in the African American community vs White middle class?

A

Black community: woman who assumed a responsibility for the problems of the society at large, not just for her own family’s needs
White: woman of leisure

HIST 2181B: History Of Sexuality (4 decks)

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