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HIST 2181B: History Of Sexuality > UNIT 2- Christian Foundations Pt 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 2- Christian Foundations Pt 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

True/False: it was illegal to beat your wife in Middle Ages

A

False: as long as they weren’t killed or maimed

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2
Q

Why were the clergy investigating and scrutinizing women before marriage? (2 examples)

A

To make sure
1) That they were still virgins/still pure
2) That they were not witches

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3
Q

The church was highly intrusive in the __ lives of their parishioners

A

Sexual lives

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4
Q

The church was obsessed with punishing those people who engaged in any sex that was not within what?

A

The confines of marriage / Between a husband and wife

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5
Q

What were some of the rules and regulations the church had for sex? (11 examples)

A

Had to be Missionary position
Only once a week
Not if wife is menstruating
Not if woman is pregnant
Not on Sunday or feast day
Not during daylight
Not in church
No adultery
No same-sex sex
No beastiality
No nudity

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6
Q

Behind closed doors, were people following the dictates of the church?

A

No

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7
Q

The obsession the church had to regulate and punish what it saw as deviant sexual behaviour intensified with the emergence of what?

A

Courtly love

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8
Q

Courtly love was a revolutionary attitude/shift about what 2 things?

A

Love and sex

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9
Q

Which country did courtly love originate, and with whom?

A

Southern France with Troubadours

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10
Q

Who were the Troubadours?

A

Travelling poets, musicians, entertainers who travelled the country side and entertained ppl

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11
Q

Troubadours spoke of intense romantic love, passion, sensuality, and put women on a what?

A

Put women on a pedestal
( which was far different than how women have been seen to this point )

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12
Q

Troubadours talked about women as people to be loved, ___, and ___ .

A

Cherished and valued

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13
Q

The idea of falling in love was born thanks to who?

A

The troubadours

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14
Q

New notions of romantic love became widespread especially among whom , who took the ideas of courtly love back to the ___ ___ of Europe.

A

Among aristocrats
Back to the Royal Courts of Europe (hence Courtly love)

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15
Q

Before the 12th century people talked about love in what terms? Having a love for whom?

A

In spiritual terms having a love for God

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16
Q

True/False: Courtly love wasn’t a sexual, physical, erotic, emotional kind of love.

A

False: This new kind of love was different !
It was an idealized sexual, physical, erotic, emotional kind of love

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17
Q

In Courtly love, True love could only exist outside of what?

A

Marriage

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18
Q

The church believed that courtly love was something that had to be what?

A

Opposed

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19
Q

What are examples of Courtly love representing all things wrong in the eyes of the church? (3 examples)

A

1) CL advocated for notions of romantic love vs spiritual love for God
2) CL emphasized sex and love outside of marriage
3) CL talked about sex for pleasure vs procreation

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20
Q

True/False: The church was looking to regulate any sexual behavior outside the confines of marriage and outside the purposes of procreation.

A

True

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21
Q

Why was sex not allowed to take place on a feast day/Sunday/any holiday?

A

It meant the priority was not being given to honouring God

22
Q

Why was sex not supposed to take place when a woman was pregnant?

A

Because sex was for procreation, given that the woman was already pregnant that was an admission that sex was for enjoyment

23
Q

Why was sex not supposed to take place between people who are naked?

A

It meant the couple lacked modesty

24
Q

How did the church know what people were doing, and who helped make that happen?

A

Pope innocent III said Christian’s have to confess their sins once a year, so the church knew from confessions

25
Q

Most of the sins that were confessed by parishioners were what in nature?

A

Sexual in nature

26
Q

The local clergy rated the depravity and severity of countless sins and suggested what?

A

A complex system of penance.

27
Q

According to the church, Penance was supposed to do what 2 things?

A

Heal the soul
Deter people from having reckless sex/bad sex habits

28
Q

What are 2 examples of penance?

A

Fasting and sexual abstinence

29
Q

For sins regarded as excessively horrific, it became what? Give a couple examples

A

Public
Ex: excommunication, public beatings, monetary fines

30
Q

True/False: priests in Middle Ages were prime examples of how to behave sexually, and they practiced what they preached

A

False : they did all kinds of things !
Ex: frequented prostitutes, looked at porn, had affairs w/ other men’s wives, had homosexual affairs

31
Q

What was the penance for homosexuality in the Middle Ages?

A

Castration

32
Q

In reaction to this paranoia by the church around sexual sins, the church created what they called what?

A

the cult of virginity

33
Q

The cult of virginity stemmed from what (from the Christian period)?

A

The emphasis of celibacy in the early Christian period

34
Q

The cult of virginity did what for women?

A

Empowered and elevated women, both spiritually and politically

35
Q

Many young women looked to conform to the cult of virginity as a vehicle of what?

A

Empowerment

36
Q

Many young women subscribed to the cult of virginity, entering nunneries and describing their spiritual love for Christ in very central and _____ ways.

A

passionate

37
Q

Why did the cult of virginity tear families apart?

A

Parents wanted women to marry bc it was a way women could achieve financial stability and protection

38
Q

The Black Death plague was seen as what by the church?

A

God’s punishment for the lustfulness that came with courtly love

39
Q

Celibacy was seen as the ultimate what in medieval society ?

A

Ultimate cure

40
Q

True/False: Medieval period had double standards, church hypocrisy and moral/ethical extremes

A

True

41
Q

Whats an example of contradictions in medieval times with women and the church?

A

The church advocated both celibacy and virginity and also children within the confines of marriage.

42
Q

In the renaissance, courtly love was replaced with what 2 things?

A

An emphasis for classical concerns of public life and civic duty
A culture thats masculine

43
Q

In regards to same-sex sex, why isn’t the older man supposed to be the “receiver”

A

Because that would be mimicking a feminine gender role which would compromise his masculinity

44
Q

What was the most policed, prosecuted, and heavily penalized crime in Renaissance Italy?

A

Sodomy between 2 adults

45
Q

What was a major event shaped by negative sexual attitudes about women?

A

European witch craze

46
Q

Witches were largely identified as women who did what?

A

Made a pack with the devil
(Sexualized relationship, danced naked w/ him)

47
Q

True/False: women “witches” were hunted in both the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

A

False
They were accused in Middle Ages but hunted down in renaissance

48
Q

What happened to women who were accused, and what were men looking for?

A

Accused women were striped and searched by men looking for a mark on their body that signified the relationship w the devil

49
Q

Who were the vulnerable women that were accused to be witches? (6 types of women)

A

Single women,
spinsters,
widows,
women who inherited land,
midwives,
women who were post menopausal

50
Q

What is Gynocide, and what is an example of it?

A

Deliberate genocide against women,
Witch craze (also deliberate effort to disempower women)

51
Q

For the 3 centuries of the renaissance, 110k witch trials took place. How many were excecuted ?

A

50k

52
Q

It wasn’t until enlightenment 18th Century that the power of the church would wane and be replaced by the influence of what?

A

medicine and science

HIST 2181B: History Of Sexuality (4 decks)

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