Unit 3 Flashcards
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the cell
Metabolic Pathway
A sequential series of chemical fractions in living cells; each reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme
Catabolism
The process of breaking down compounds into smaller molecules to release energy
Anabolism
The process of using energy to build large molecules from smaller molecules
Energy
The capacity to do work
Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion
Potential energy
Stored energy
Bond energy
Energy required to break (or form) a chemical bond
Thermodynamics
The science that studies the transfer and transformation of thermal energy (heat)
Entropy
A measure of disorder
Free energy
Energy from a chemical reaction that is available for doing work
Energonic
Chemical reaction that requires energy
Exergonic
Chemical reaction that releases energy
Aerobic respiration
Catabolic pathways that require oxygen
Substrate level phosporylation
ATP formation from transferring a phosphate group to ADP
Glycolysis
Metabolic pathway that breaks glucose down to pryuvate
Krebs cycle
Cyclic metabolic pathway that acquires acetyl-CoA and oxidizes it to carbon dioxide while regenerating the compound that picks up more acetyl-CoA; converts released energy to ATP, NADH and FADH2
Oxidative Phosphorylation
A process that couples the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the electron transport chain with the synthesis of ATP by phosphorylation of ADP
Electron transport chain
A series of electron carrier and protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that accept and donate electrons in a sequential series, resulting in oxidative phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
A process that energy in a hydrogen ion gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
Light Dependent Reaction
In photosynthesis, the reaction that traps solar energy and uses it to generate ATP and NADPH
Light independent reaction
In photosynthesis, the reaction that assimilates carbon dioxide to produce an organic molecule that can be used to produce biological important molecules such as carbohydrates.
Thylakoid
One of many interconnected sac-like membranous disks within the chloroplast, containing the molecules that absorb energy from the sun.
Pigment
A compound that absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light while reflecting others.
Photosystem
One of two protein-based complexes composed of clusters of pigments that absorb light energy
Photophosporylation
The use of photons of light to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP via chemiosmosis
Carbon dioxide fixation
In the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, the reaction of carbon dioxide with ribulose bisphosphate to produce two identical three-carbon molecules, 3-phosphglycerate
C3 Photosynthesis
A process of converting carbon dioxide to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using only the Calvin cycle; involves the production of a three-carbon intermediate (PGA)
Photorespiration
The reaction of oxygen with ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate in a process that reverses carbon fixation and reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis
