Unit 3 Flashcards
Intelligence
An overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and adapt to one’s surroundings
Fluid intelligence
The speed and efficiency with which we learn new information and solve problems
Crystallized intelligence
Our accumulation of knowledge
Wisdom
Emotional intelligence
The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one’s emotions
Creative intelligence
Ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem
Gardner 8 Frames of mind
Verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
Verbal
Thinking in words, use language to express meaning
Authors, journalists, speakers
Mathematical
Mathematical operations
Scientists, engineers, accountants
Spatial
Thinking three-dimensionally
Architects, artists, interior designs
Bodily-kinesthetic
Being physically adept
Dancers, athletes
Musical
Sensitivity to pitch, melody, tone
Interpersonal
Understanding and interesting effectively with others
Teachers, counselors
Intrapersonal
Understanding oneself
Psychologist
Naturalist
Observing patterns in nature
Farmers, landscapers
Standardized tests
A test that uses a standard set of questions, procedures, and scoring methods for all test takers.
Modern forms of assessing intelligence
Wechsler Intelligence scales
Reliability
The ability of a test to yield the same score each time it’s given to the same person
Validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Culture-fair test
An intelligence test designed to minimum the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures then in others
Giftedness
IQ greater than or Qual to 130
Terman
Socially well adjusted and successful as adults
Importance of innate ability plus family support and training
Intellectual disability
IQ less than 70
Low adaptive functioning
Conceptual, social, practical
Organic verses cultural-familial
Savant syndrome
The possession of exceptional mental ability in one or more narrow areas, such as mental arithmetic, calendar calculation, art or music, by a person of limited general intelligence
Motivation
Internal process that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate activities
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Bottom-Top:
Physiological Needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
Self-actualization
Reaching our fullest potential
State of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their own way
Anorexia Nervosa
Self starvation
Intense fear of gaining weight
A disorder body image
Bulimia Nervosa
Bingeing (taking in)
Purging (getting ride of it)
Excessive exercise
Binge eating disorder
Recurrent episodes of binge eating
Similar to bulimia Nervosa, but without purging
Sex
Physical, biological, classification as male or female
Gender
Psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female
Sexual orientation
The degree of stable emotional and erotic attraction on has to:
Same (homosexual)
Opposite (heterosexual)
Both (Bisexual)
Neither sexes (asexual)
Sexual orientation is usually…
Quite stable
Intersexual
Is someone with ambiguous sexual anatomy; they have genitals that suggest both sexes
Gender role
Is the favored pattern of behavioral expected of each sex
Gender role socialization
The process of learning gender behaviors regarded as appropriate for ones sex in a given culture
Personality
A pattern of enduring thoughts, emotions and behavior
Multiple way of viewing personality
-descriptions
-explanations
Freudian slip
Reveals unconscious
Personality is primarily
Unconscious
Early childhood experiences sculpt the individuals personality
-conflicts (between self and society)
Motivators
Aggressive impulses
Sex drive
Unconscious
Conflicts with inner world and society
Id
Pleasure principle
Vile urges pressing for expression
Wants immediate satisfaction
Not in touch with reality
Reality prevents fulfillment of these demands
*100% in your unconscious
Superego
Morals “conscience”
Right or wrong
Does not consider reality
Ego
Deals with the demands of reality
Mediates conflicting demands of ID and Super Ego
Traits
An enduring disposition that leads to characteristics responses
Building blocks of personality
The big 5
Openness to experience
High
Creative
Tries new things
Low
Dislikes change
Likes structure
Conscientiousness
High:
Spends time preparing
Attention to detail
Low:
Procrastinates
Dislikes schedules
Extraversion
High
Enjoys meeting new people
Easy to make friends
Low:
Prefers to be alone
Socializing is exhausting
Agreeableness
High:
Cares for others
easy to get along with
Low:
Little interest in others
Focused on self
Neuroticism
High:
Feels stress and anxiety
Gets upset easily
Low:
Copes well with stress
Relaxed
